Editing Timeline of historic inventions (section)

===Bronze Age===
[[File:Nippur cubit.JPG|thumb|upright=1.5|The Nippur cubit-rod, {{c.|2650 BCE}}, in the [[Istanbul Archaeology Museums|Archeological Museum]] of [[Istanbul]], Turkey]]

The beginning of bronze-smelting coincides with the emergence of the first cities and of writing in the Ancient Near East and the Indus Valley. The [[Bronze Age]] starting in Eurasia in the 4th millennia BC and ended, in Eurasia, c.1200 BC.
* '''Late 4th millennium BC:''' [[Writing]] – in [[Sumer]] and [[Egypt]].<ref name="Radner">{{cite book |author1=Karen Radner |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookcu00radn |title=The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture |author2=Eleanor Robson |date=22 September 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-955730-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookcu00radn/page/n117 86] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>"The world's earliest known writing systems emerged at more or less the same time, around 3300 bc, in Egypt and Mesopotamia (today's Iraq)."{{Cite book |title= Before the Pyramids: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization |last= Teeter |first= Emily|publisher= Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago|year= 2011 |page=99}}</ref><ref>"Although it was once thought that the idea of writing came to Egypt from Mesopotamia, recent discoveries indicate that writing arose first in Egypt."{{Cite book |title= Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lF78Max-h8MC&q=recent+discoveries+indicate+writing |last= Allen |first= James P. |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2010 |page=2| isbn=9781139486354 }}</ref><ref>"and examples of writing in Egypt have been found that very well may pre-date the earliest writing from Mesopotamia."{{cite book |last1=Boudreau |first1=Vincent |title=The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process |date=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521838610 |page=71 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jsWL_XJt-dMC&pg=PA71 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''3300 BC:''' The first documented [[sword]]s. They have been found in [[Arslantepe]], Turkey, are made from [[arsenical bronze]], and are about {{convert|60|cm|in|abbr=on}} long.<ref>Frangipane, M. et al. (2010). "The collapse of the 4th millennium centralised system at Arslantepe and the far-reaching changes in 3rd millennium societies". ''ORIGINI XXXIV'', 2012: 237–60.</ref><ref name=KAY>{{cite book |author=[[K. Aslihan Yener|Yener, K. Aslihan]] |title= The Domestication of Metals: The Rise of Complex Metal Industries in Anatolia |pages= 52–53 |year= 2021 |publisher= BRILL |series= Culture and History of the Ancient Near East (Vol. 4) |isbn= 978-9004496934 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_s1GEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |access-date= 15 January 2024}}</ref> Some of them are inlaid with [[silver]].<ref name=KAY/>
* '''3300 BC:''' [[City]] in [[Uruk]], [[Sumer]], [[Mesopotamia]] (modern-day Iraq).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003 |title=Uruk: The First City |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/uruk/hd_uruk.htm |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref>
* '''3250 BC: '''One of the earliest documented [[hat]]s was worn by a man (nicknamed [[Ötzi]]) whose body and hat  found frozen in a mountain between Austria and Italy. He was found wearing a bearskin cap with a chin strap, made of several hides stitched together, resembling a Russian fur hat without the flaps.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/aug/18/it-becometh-the-iceman-otzi-clothing-study-reveals-stylish-secrets-of-leather-loving-ancient|title=It becometh the iceman: clothing study reveals stylish secrets of leather-loving ancient|first=Nicola|last=Davis|archive-date=30 August 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=30 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830164637/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/aug/18/it-becometh-the-iceman-otzi-clothing-study-reveals-stylish-secrets-of-leather-loving-ancient|date=30 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/otzi-iceman-european-alps-mummy-clothing-dna-leather-fur-archaeology|title=Here's What the Iceman Was Wearing When He Died 5,300 Years Ago|first=Kristin|last=Romey|date=18 August 2016|publisher=[[National Geographic]]|access-date=18 August 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819105927/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/otzi-iceman-european-alps-mummy-clothing-dna-leather-fur-archaeology/|archive-date=19 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=O’Sullivan|first1=Niall J.|last2=Teasdale|first2=Matthew D.|last3=Mattiangeli|first3=Valeria|last4=Maixner|first4=Frank|last5=Pinhasi|first5=Ron|last6=Bradley|first6=Daniel G.|last7=Zink|first7=Albert|date=18 August 2016|title=A whole mitochondria analysis of the Tyrolean Iceman's leather provides insights into the animal sources of Copper Age clothing|journal=[[Scientific Reports]]|language=en|volume=6|pages=31279|doi=10.1038/srep31279|pmid=27537861|issn=2045-2322|df=dmy-all|pmc=4989873|bibcode=2016NatSR...631279O }}</ref>
* '''3200 BC:''' Dry [[Latrine]]s in the city of [[Uruk]], Iraq, with later dry squat [[Toilet]]s, that added raised fired brick foot platforms, and pedestal toilets, all over clay pipe constructed drains.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mitchell|first=Piers D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HU6rCwAAQBAJ&q=McMahon,+A.+in+Sanitation,+Latrines+and+Intestinal+Parasites+in+Past+Populations&pg=PA263|title=Sanitation, Latrines and Intestinal Parasites in Past Populations|date=3 March 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-05953-0|pages=22|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Smith|first=Monica L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=moeLDwAAQBAJ&q=uruk+latrines+3200+bce|title=Cities: The First 6,000 Years|date=18 April 2019|publisher=Simon & Schuster UK|isbn=978-1-4711-6367-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=George|first=A.R.|title=On Babylonian Lavatories and Sewers|date=December 2015|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0021088915000091/type/journal_article|journal=Iraq|language=en|volume=77|pages=75–106|doi=10.1017/irq.2015.9|s2cid=162653122|issn=0021-0889|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* '''3200 BC:''' Earliest actual wheel ever found, the [[Ljubljana Marshes Wheel]], made of wood, in [[Slovenia]].<ref name=":4" />
* '''3000 BC:''' Devices functionally equivalent to [[dice]], in the form of flat two-sided throwsticks, are seen in the Egyptian game of [[Senet]].<ref name="Aruz">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gr5BgOwEJicC&pg=PA151|title=Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade, and Diplomacy in the Second Millennium B.C.|last=Finkel|first=Irving|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=2008|isbn=978-1-58839-295-4|page=151|chapter=Board Games}}</ref> Perhaps the oldest known dice, resembling modern ones, were excavated as part of a [[backgammon]]-like game set at the [[Burnt City]], an archeological site in south-eastern [[Iran]], estimated to be from between 2800 and 2500 BC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=8 Oldest Board Games in the World |url=https://www.oldest.org/entertainment/board-games/ |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=Oldest.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=NASER MOGHADASI |first=Abdorreza |date=September 2015 |title=The Burnt City and the Evolution of the Concept of "Probability" In the Human Brain |journal=Iranian Journal of Public Health |volume=44 |issue=9 |pages=1306–1307 |issn=2251-6085 |pmc=4645795 |pmid=26587512}}</ref> Later, terracotta dice were used at the Indus Valley site of [[Mohenjo-daro]] (modern-day Pakistan).<ref>Possehl, Gregory. "Meluhha". In: J. Reade (ed.) ''The Indian Ocean in Antiquity''. London: Kegan Paul Intl. 1996a, 133–208</ref>
* '''3000 BC:''' [[Tin]] extraction in [[Central Asia]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Cierny|given1=J.|surname2=Weisgerber|given2=G.|date=2003|chapter=The "Bronze Age tin mines in Central Asia|editor1-last=Giumlia-Mair|editor1-first=A.|editor2-last=Lo Schiavo|editor2-first=F.|title=The Problem of Early Tin|pages= 23–31|location=Oxford|publisher=Archaeopress|isbn=1-84171-564-6}}</ref>
* '''3000 BC – 2560 BC:''' [[Papyrus]] in Egypt<ref name="Fischer">{{cite book|author=Steven Roger Fischer|title=History of Writing|date=4 April 2004|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-86189-167-9|page=47}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Papyrus: A Brief History – Dartmouth Ancient Books Lab |url=https://sites.dartmouth.edu/ancientbooks/2016/05/23/67/ |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=sites.dartmouth.edu}}</ref><ref name="Johnson">{{cite book|author=Paul Johnson|title=The Civilization Of Ancient Egypt|date=3 November 1999|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-019434-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/civilizationofan00john/page/163 163]|url=https://archive.org/details/civilizationofan00john/page/163}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=4,500-year-old harbor structures and papyrus texts unearthed in Egypt|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/science/cosmic-log/4-500-year-old-harbor-structures-papyrus-texts-unearthed-egypt-flna1C9356840|website=NBC News|date=16 April 2013 |language=en|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>
* '''3000 BC:''' [[Reservoir]] in [[Girnar]], Indus Valley (modern-day [[India]]).<ref name="Rodda">{{Cite book
|editor-first=John
|editor-last=Rodda
|editor2-first=Lucio
|editor2-last=Ubertini
|year=2004
|title=The Basis of Civilization – Water Science?
|publisher=International Association of Hydrological Science
|isbn=978-1-901502-57-2
|oclc=224463869
|page=161
|url ={{Google books|JI65-MygMm0C|page=161|plainurl=yes}}
}}</ref>
* '''3000 BC:''' [[Receipt]] in Ancient [[Mesopotamia]] ([[Iraq]])<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/worlds-oldest-writing-not-poetry-but-a-shopping-receipt |title = World's oldest writing not poetry but a shopping receipt|date = 13 April 2011}}</ref>
* '''3000 BC – 2800 BC:''' [[Prosthesis]] first documented in the [[Ancient Near East]], in ancient Egypt and Iran, specifically for an eye prosthetics, the eye found in Iran was likely made of bitumen paste that was covered with a thin layer of gold.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pine |first1=Keith R. |last2=Sloan |first2=Brian H. |last3=Jacobs |first3=Robert J. |title=Clinical Ocular Prosthetics |date=2015 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319190570 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=920nCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA283}}</ref>
* '''3000 BC – 2500 BC:''' [[Rhinoplasty]] in Egypt.<ref name="cossurg">{{cite book |last=Shiffman |first=Melvin |title=Cosmetic Surgery: Art and Techniques |date=5 September 2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-21837-8 |page=20}}</ref><ref name="plsurgery">{{cite book |last1=Mazzola |first1=Ricardo F. |title=Plastic Surgery: Principles |last2=Mazzola |first2=Isabella C. |date=5 September 2012 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-1-4557-1052-2 |editor1-last=Neligan |editor1-first=Peter C. |pages=11–12 |chapter=History of reconstructive and aesthetic surgery |editor2-last=Gurtner |editor2-first=Geoffrey C.}}</ref>
* '''2650 BC:''' The [[Ruler]], or [[Measuring rod]], in the subdivided [[Nippur]], copper rod, of the [[Sumer|Sumerian Civilisation]] (modern-day Iraq). {{efn|Shell, Terracotta, Copper, and Ivory rulers were in use by the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] in what today is Pakistan, and North West India, prior to 1500 BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=McIntosh|first=Jane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&q=ivory+ruler+lothal+indus+valley&pg=PA345|title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives|date=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-907-2|language=en}}</ref>}}
* '''2600 BC:''' [[Planned city]] in Indus Valley (modern-day: India, Pakistan).<ref name="Davreu1">Davreu, Robert (1978). "Cities of Mystery: The Lost Empire of the Indus Valley". ''The World's Last Mysteries''. (second edition). Sydney: Reader's Digest. pp. 121-129. {{ISBN|978-0-909486-61-7}}.</ref><ref name="Kipfer229">Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). ''Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology''. (Illustrated edition). New York: Springer. p. 229. {{ISBN|978-0-3064-6158-3}}.</ref>
* '''2600 BC:''' [[Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation|Public sewage and sanitation systems in Indus Valley]] sites such as [[Mohenjo-daro]] and [[Rakhigarhi]] (modern-day: India, Pakistan).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Dr Saifullah |title=Chapter 2 Sanitation and wastewater technologies in Harappa/Indus valley civilization (ca. 2600-1900 BC) |url=https://www.academia.edu/5937322}}</ref>
* '''2600 BC:''' [[Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro|Public bath]] in [[Mohenjo-daro]], Indus Valley (modern-day [[Pakistan]]).<ref name="Kenoyer">{{cite web|last=Harappa|first=com|title='Great Bath' Mohenjadaro|url=http://www.harappa.com/indus/8.html|department=Slide show with description by J. M. Kenoyer|publisher=Harappa.com|access-date=2 July 2012}}</ref>
* '''2600 BC:''' [[Levee]] in Indus Valley.<ref>{{cite web | title = Indus River Valley Civilizations|website=History-world.org | access-date = 12 September 2008 | url = http://history-world.org/indus_valley.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050701234952/http://history-world.org/indus_valley.htm| url-status = dead| archive-date = 1 July 2005}}</ref>
* '''2600 BC:''' [[Weighing scale|Balance weights and scales]], from the [[Fourth Dynasty of Egypt]]; examples of [[Deben (unit)]] balance weights, from reign of [[Sneferu]] (c. 2600 BC) have been attributed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahmstorf |first=Lorenz |title=In Search of the Earliest Balance Weights, Scales and Weighing Systems from the East Mediterranean, the Near and Middle East |url=https://www.academia.edu/1864503}}</ref>
* '''2556 BC:''' [[Dock (maritime)|Docks]] structure in [[Wadi al-Jarf]], Egypt, which was developed by the reign of the Pharaoh [[Khufu]].<ref name="Global">{{cite news|title=Archeologists discover oldest Egyptian harbor ever found|first=Samantha|last=Stainburn|work=Global Post|date=18 April 2013|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/egypt/130418/archeologists-discover-oldest-egyptian-harbor-ever-fo|access-date=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=":1" />{{efn|A competing claim is from [[Lothal]] dockyard in India,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27667625 |title=Foraminifera as an additional tool for archaeologists - Examples from the Arabian Sea |date=25 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ARCHAEOASTRONOMICAL SURVEYS IN LOTHAL (INDIA)|url=http://www.archaeoastronomy.it/Lothal.htm|last=Codebò|first=Mario|date=2013|website=www.archaeoastronomy.it|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Frenez|first=D.|title=Lothal re-visitation Project, a fine thread connecting Intis to contemporary Raveena (Via Oman)|publisher=BAR|year=2014|isbn=9781407313269|location=UK|pages=263–267}}</ref><ref name="RaoQ">Rao, pages 27–28</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Archaeological remains of a Harappa Port-Town, Lothal |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5918/ |website=UNESCO |publisher=UN |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref> constructed at some point between 2400-2000 BC;<ref name="RaoY">{{cite book | title = Lothal | publisher = [[Archaeological Survey of India]] | author = [[S. R. Rao]] | pages = 11–17 | year = 1985}}</ref> however, more precise dating does not exist.}}
* '''2500 BC:''' [[Puppetry]] in the Indus Valley.<ref>Ghosh, S. and Banerjee, Utpal Kumar, ''Indian Puppets'', Abhinav Publications, 2006. {{ISBN|81-7017-435-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pulling the strings to resuscitate a dying art|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/pulling-the-strings-to-resuscitate-a-dying-art/article3783718.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 August 2012|location=Thanjavur, India}}</ref>
* '''2400 BC:''' [[Fork]] in [[Bronze Age]] [[Qijia culture]] in [[China]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Needham |first1=Joseph |title=Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 6: Biology and biological technology. Part V: Fermentations and food science |date=22 January 2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0521652707}}</ref>
* '''2400 BC:''' [[History of water supply and sanitation#Ancient Egypt|Copper pipes]], the [[Pyramid of Sahure#Drainage system|Pyramid of Sahure]], an adjoining temple complex at [[Abusir]], was discovered to have a network of copper drainage pipes.<ref name="Bunson 6" />
* '''2400 BC:''' [[Touchstone (assaying tool)|Touchstone]] in the Indus Valley site of [[Banawali]] (modern-day India).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Gold : A Cultural Encyclopedia|url=https://archive.org/details/goldculturalency00vena|url-access=limited|last=Venable|first=Shannon L.|publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC|year=2011|isbn=978-0313-384318|location=Santa Barbara, CA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/goldculturalency00vena/page/n286 264]}}</ref>
* '''2300 BC:''' [[Dictionary]] in [[Mesopotamia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Howard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7lgEAAAQBAJ&dq=dictionary+Sumerian%E2%80%93Akkadian+wordlists,+discovered+in+Ebla+(modern+Syria)&pg=PT347 |title=The Bloomsbury Handbook of Lexicography |date=24 February 2022 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-18172-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''2200 BC – 2000 BC:''' [[Iron smelting]] in [[Kaman-Kalehöyük]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Akanuma |first=Hideo |year=2008 |title=The significance of Early Bronze Age iron objects from Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey |url=http://www.jiaa-kaman.org/pdfs/aas_17/AAS_17_Akanuma_H_pp_313_320.pdf |journal=Anatolian Archaeological Studies |publisher=Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology |volume=17 |pages=313–320 |place=Tokyo}}</ref>
* '''2200 BC:''' [[Protractor]], Phase IV, [[Lothal]], Indus Valley (modern-day India), a [[Turbinella pyrum|Xancus]] shell cylinder with sawn grooves, at right angles, in its top and bottom surfaces, has been proposed as an angle marking tool.<ref name="Rao401">{{cite book |author=S. R. Rao |title=Lothal |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |year=1985 |pages=40–41 |author-link=S. R. Rao}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Rao |date=July 1992 |title=A Navigational Instrument of the Harappan Sailors |url=http://drs.nio.org/drs/bitstream/handle/2264/3082/J_Mar_Archaeol_3_61.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=Marine Archaeology |volume=3 |pages=61–66}} Notes: protractor described as "compass" in article.</ref>
* '''2000 BC:''' [[Water clock]] by at least the old Babylonian period (c. 2000 – c. 1600 BC),<ref>{{cite book | last = Pingree | first = David | author-link = David Pingree | editor = Stephanie Dalley |editor-link=Stephanie Dalley| title = The Legacy of Mesopotamia | year = 1998 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | isbn = 0-19-814946-8 | pages = 125–126 | chapter = Legacies in Astronomy and Celestial Omens}}</ref> but possibly earlier from Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus Valley.<ref>{{cite journal | first = N. Kameswara | last = Rao |date=December 2005 | title = Aspects of prehistoric astronomy in India | journal = Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 499–511 | url = http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/~basi/05December/3305499-511.pdf | access-date =11 May 2007 | quote =It appears that two artifacts from Mohenjadaro and Harappa might correspond to these two instruments. Joshi and Parpola (1987) lists a few pots tapered at the bottom and having a hole on the side from the excavations at Mohenjadaro (Figure 3). A pot with a small hole to drain the water is very similar to clepsydras described by Ohashi to measure the time (similar to the utensil used over the lingum in Shiva temple for abhishekam). |bibcode = 2005BASI...33..499R}}</ref>
* '''2000 BC:''' [[Chariot]] in [[Russia]] and [[Kazakhstan]]<ref>David S. Anthony, ''The Horse, The Wheel and Language: How bronze age riders from the Eurasian steppes shaped the modern world'' (2007), pp. 397-405.</ref>
* '''2000 BC:''' [[Fountain]] in [[Lagash]], [[Sumer]].
* '''2000 BC:''' [[Scissors]], in [[Mesopotamia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History 101: Scissors |url=https://www.dailykos.com/story/2014/11/3/1341085/-History-101-Scissors |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Daily Kos}}</ref>
* '''1850 BC:''' Proto-alphabet ([[Proto-Sinaitic script]]) in Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Library |url=https://www.bl.uk/history-of-writing/articles/the-evolution-of-the-alphabet |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=www.bl.uk |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301104323/https://www.bl.uk/history-of-writing/articles/the-evolution-of-the-alphabet |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''1600 BC:''' [[Edwin Smith Papyrus|Surgical treatise]] appeared in Egypt.<ref name="WilkinsRobert">{{cite book |last=Wilkins |first=Robert H. |title=Neurosurgical Classics |date=1992 |publisher=[[American Association of Neurological Surgeons]] |isbn=978-1-879284-09-8 |edition=2nd |location=[[Park Ridge, Illinois]] |lccn=2011293270 |orig-year=First published 1965}}</ref>
* '''1500 BC:''' [[Sundial]] in [[Ancient Egypt]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lienhard |first1=John H. |title=No. 993: SUNDIALS |url=https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi993.htm |website=The Engines of Our Ingenuity |publisher=Huston Public Media |access-date=1 March 2022}}</ref> or [[Babylonia]] (modern-day Iraq).
* '''1500 BC:''' [[Glass]] manufacture in either [[Mesopotamia]] or [[Ancient Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2016 |title=Glassmaking may have begun in Egypt, not Mesopotamia |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/glassmaking-may-have-begun-egypt-not-mesopotamia |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Science News |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''1500 BC:''' [[Seed drill]] in [[Babylonia]].<ref name="ReferenceA">History Channel, ''Where Did It Come From?'' Episode: "Ancient China: Agriculture"</ref>
* '''1500 BC:''' [[Prosthetic]] limb in [[India]] mentioned in vedas (warrior queen vishpala).
* '''1400 BC:''' [[Mesoamerican rubber balls|Rubber]],<ref name=":3" /> [[Mesoamerican ballgame]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Rubber balls used in Mesoamerican game 3,500 years ago|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/rubber-balls-used-in-mesoamerican-game-3500-years-ago-1988439.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/rubber-balls-used-in-mesoamerican-game-3500-years-ago-1988439.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|date=1 June 2010|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>[[#Shelton|Shelton]], pp. 109–110. There is wide agreement on game originating in the tropical lowlands, likely the Gulf Coast or Pacific Coast.</ref>
* '''1400 BC – 1200 BC:''' [[Concrete]] in [[Tiryns]] (Mycenaean Greece),<ref>{{cite book |author1=Heinrich Schliemann |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_pw4BAAAAMAAJ |title=Tiryns: The Prehistoric Palace of the Kings of Tiryns, the Results of the Latest Excavations |author2=Wilhelm Dörpfeld |author3=Felix Adler |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |year=1885 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_pw4BAAAAMAAJ/page/n266 190], 203–04, 215}}</ref><ref>{{cite arXiv |eprint=1110.5230 |class=physics.pop-ph |first=Amelia Carolina |last=Sparavigna |title=Ancient concrete works |year=2011}}</ref> though it was not yet waterproof. 
* '''1300 BC:''' [[Lathe]] in Ancient Egypt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brighthubengineering.com/manufacturing-technology/59033-what-is-a-lathe-machine-history-parts-and-operation/|title=What is a Lathe Machine? History, Parts, and Operation|date=12 December 2009|website=Brighthub Engineering|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref>
* '''1200 BC:''' [[Distillation]] is described on [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] tablets documenting perfumery operations.<ref>{{cite book |last=Levey |first=Martin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76ILAQAAIAAJ |title=Chemistry and Chemical Technology in Ancient Mesopotamia |date=1959 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |page=36 |quote=As already mentioned, the textual evidence for Sumero-Babylonian distillation is disclosed in a group of Akkadian tablets describing perfumery operations, dated ca. 1200 B.C.}}</ref>