Editing Title (section)

===Aristocratic titles===
{{See also|Royal and noble ranks}}
* [[Prince]]/[[Princess]] – From the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|[[princeps]]}}, meaning 'first person' or 'first citizen'. The title was originally used by [[Augustus]] at the establishment of the [[Roman Empire]] to avoid the political risk of assuming the title {{lang|la|Rex}} ('King') in what was technically still a republic. In modern times, the title is often given to the sons and daughters of ruling monarchs. Also a title of certain ruling monarchs under the [[Holy Roman Empire]] and its subsidiary territories until 1918 which is still used in [[Liechtenstein]] ([[Monaco]] still uses the title Prince to this day, even though it was not a part of the Holy Roman Empire), and in [[Imperial Russia]] before 1917. The German title is {{lang|de|[[Fürst]]}} ('first'), a translation of the Latin term;{{efn|From the [[Old High German]] {{lang|goh|furisto}}, 'the first', a translation of the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|[[princeps]]}}}} the equivalent Russian term is {{lang|ru|князь}} ({{transliteration|ru|knyaz}}). 
* [[Archduke]]/[[Archduchess]] – A title derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] {{transliteration|el|[[Archon]]}} ('ruler; higher') and the Latin {{lang|la|[[Dux]]}} ('leader'). It was used most notably by the [[Habsburg Dynasty]], who ruled [[Austria]] and [[Hungary]] until 1918.
* [[Grand Duke]]/[[Grand Duchess]] – 'Big; large' + Latin {{lang|la|Dux}} ('leader'). A variant of ''Archduke'', used particularly in English translations [[Romanov Dynasty]] Russian titles. Also used in various Germanic territories until [[World War I]]. Still survives in [[Luxembourg]].
* [[Duke]]/[[Duchess]] – From the Latin {{lang|la|[[Dux]]}}, a military title used in the [[Roman Empire]], especially in its early [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine period]] when it designated the military commander for a specific zone.
* [[Marquis]], [[Marquess]]/[[Marquise]], or [[Marchioness]] – From the French {{lang|fr|marchis}}, literally 'ruler of a border area' (from the Old French {{lang|fro|marche}} meaning 'border'; exact English translation is 'March Lord', or 'Lord of the March'.
* [[Count]]/[[Countess]] - From the Latin {{lang|la|[[comes]]}} meaning 'companion'. The word was used by the Roman Empire in its Byzantine period as an honorific with a meaning roughly equivalent to modern English ''peer''. It became the title of those who commanded field armies in the Empire, as opposed to {{lang|la|Dux}}, which commanded locally based forces.
* [[Earl]] (used in the [[United Kingdom]] instead of [[Count]], but the feminine equivalent is [[Countess]]) – From the Germanic {{lang|gem|jarl}}, meaning 'chieftain', the title was brought to the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxons and survives in use only there, having been superseded in Scandinavia and on the European continent.
* [[Viscount]]/[[Viscountess]] - From the Latin {{lang|la|[[vicarius]]}} ('Deputy; substitute'. Hence ''vicar'' and prefix ''vice-'') appended to Latin {{lang|la|[[comes]]}}. Literally translates as 'Deputy Count'.
* [[Baron]]/[[Baroness]] - From the [[Late Latin]] {{lang|la|Baro}}, meaning 'man, servant, soldier'. The title originally designated the chief feudal tenant of a place, who was in vassalage to a greater lord.

In the [[United Kingdom]], Lord and Lady are [[Forms of address in the United Kingdom|used as titles]] for members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as Mr and Mrs, they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers. In [[Scotland]], [[Lord of Parliament]] and Lady of Parliament are the equivalents of Baron and Baroness in [[England]].

* [[Lord]] – From the Old English {{lang|ang|[[hlāford]]}}, {{lang|ang|[[hlāfweard]]}}, meaning, literally, 'bread-keeper', from {{lang|ang|hlāf}} ('bread') + {{lang|ang|weard}} ('guardian, keeper') and by extension 'husband, father, or chief'. (From which comes modified titles such as [[First Sea Lord]] and [[Lord of the Manor]].)  The feminine equivalent is [[Lady]] from the related Old English {{lang|ang|[[hlǣfdīġe]]}} meaning, literally, "bread-kneader", from {{lang|ang|hlāf}} ("bread") + {{lang|ang|dīġe}} ("maid"), and by extension wife, daughter, or mistress of the house.  (From which comes [[First Lady]], the anachronistic [[Second Lady]], etc.)
* [[Emperor]]/[[Empress]] – From the Latin {{lang|la|[[Imperator]]}}, meaning 'he/she who holds the authority to command ({{lang|la|imperium}})'.
* [[Monarch|King]]/[[Queen regnant|Queen]] – Derived from [[Old Norse]]/Germanic words. The original meaning of the root of ''king'' apparently meant 'leader of the family' or 'descendant of the leader of the family', and the original meaning of ''queen'' meant 'wife'. By the time the words came into English they already meant 'ruler'. 
* [[Tsar]]/[[Tsarina]] (Tsaritsa) – Slavonic loan-word from Latin.
* [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]] – The name of [[Julius Caesar]] taken by his heir [[Augustus]] and thereafter by Augustus' successors as [[Roman Emperor]] through the [[fall of Constantinople]] in 1453. Loaned into German as {{lang|de|[[Kaiser]]}}.
* [[Leadership|Leader]] – From Old English {{lang|ang|lædan}}, meaning "to guide". The head of state of [[North Korea]] is titled Great Leader. The ''[[de facto]]'' head of state of [[Iran]] is titled [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]].
*[[Chieftain|Chief]] – A variation of the English "Prince", used as the short form of the word "Chieftain" (except for in [[Scotland]], where "Chieftain" is a title held by a titleholder subordinate to a chief). Generally used to refer to a recognised leader within a [[chieftaincy]] system. From this come the variations [[paramount chief]], [[clan chief]] and [[village headman|village chief]]. The feminine equivalent is [[Chieftain|Chieftess]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!width=100pt|[[Male]] version
!width=100pt|[[Female]] version
!width=100pt|[[Realm]]
!width=100pt|[[Adjective]]
!width=100pt|''[[Latin]]''
!Examples
|-
|[[Pope]]
| n/a{{efn|[[The High Priestess|Popess]], the title of a character found in [[Tarot cards]], is based upon the [[Pope]] of the Roman Catholic Church. As the Bishop of Rome is an office always forbidden to women, there is no formal feminine of Pope, which comes from the Latin word {{lang|la|papa}} (an affectionate form of the Latin for "father"). The legendary female [[Pope Joan]] is also referred to as ''Popess''.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Kirsch |first=Johann Peter |date=October 1, 1910 |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08407a.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508213031/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08407a.htm |archive-date=May 8, 2023 |access-date=November 10, 2023 |publisher=[[New Advent]] |title=Popess Joan }}</ref> Nonetheless, some European languages, along with English, have formed a feminine form of the word ''pope'', such as the Italian {{lang|it|papessa}}, French {{lang|fr|papesse}}, Portuguese {{lang|pt|papisa}}, and German {{lang|de|Päpstin}}.}}
|[[Papacy]]
|[[Papal]]
|{{lang|la|Papa}}
|Monarch of the [[Papal States]] and later Sovereign of the State of [[Vatican City]]
|-
|[[Emperor]]
|Empress
|[[Empire]]
|{{ubl|Imperial|[[Imperial and Royal]] (Austria)}}
|{{lang|la|Imperator}} ({{lang|la|Imperatrix}})
| [[Roman Empire]], [[Byzantine Empire]], [[Ottoman Empire]], [[Holy Roman Empire]], [[Imperial Russia|Russia]], [[France|First and Second French Empire]], [[Austria]], [[Mexican Empire (disambiguation)|Mexican Empire]], [[Empire of Brazil]], [[German Empire]] (none left in Europe after 1918), [[Empress of India]] (ceased to be used after 1947 when [[India]] was granted independence from the [[British Empire]]), [[Japan]] (the only remaining enthroned emperor in the world).
|-
|[[King]]
|[[Queen regnant|Queen]]
|[[Monarchy|Kingdom]]
|Royal
|{{lang|la|Rex}} ({{lang|la|Regina}})
|Common in larger sovereign states
|-
|[[Viceroy]]
|Vicereine
|[[Viceroyalty]]
|Viceroyal, Viceregal
|{{lang|la|Proconsul}}
|Historical: [[Spain|Spanish]] Empire ([[Viceroy of Peru|Peru]], [[Viceroy of New Spain|New Spain]], [[Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata|Rio de la Plata]], [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|New Granada]]), [[Portuguese Empire]] ([[Viceroy of India|India]], [[Colonial Brazil|Brazil]]), [[United Kingdom|British]] Empire
|-
|[[Grand Duke]]
|Grand Duchess
|[[Grand duchy]]
|Grand Ducal
|{{lang|la|Magnus Dux}}
|Today: [[Luxembourg]]; historical: [[Lithuania]], [[Baden Germany|Baden]], [[Grand Duchy of Finland|Finland]], [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|Tuscany]] ''et al.''
|-
|[[Archduke]]
|Archduchess
|[[Archduchy]]
|Archducal
|{{lang|la|Arci Dux}}
|Historical: Unique only in [[Austria]], [[Archduchy]] of [[Austria]]; title used for member of the [[Habsburg]] dynasty
|-
|[[Prince]]
|[[Princess]]
|[[Principality]], [[Princely state]]
|Princely
|{{lang|la|Princeps}}
|Today: [[Monaco]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Asturies]], [[Wales]];{{efn|Prince of Wales is a title granted, following an investiture, to the eldest son of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom – he is not a monarch in his own right.}} [[Andorra]] (Co-Princes). Historical: [[Albania]], [[Serbia]]
|-
|[[Duke]]
|Duchess
|[[Duchy]]
|Ducal
|{{lang|la|Dux}}
|[[Duke of Buccleuch]], [[Duke of York]], [[Duke of Devonshire]] ''et al.''
|-
|[[Count]]
|Countess
|[[County]]
|Comital
|{{lang|la|Comes}}
|Most common in the [[Holy Roman Empire]], translated in German as {{lang|de|[[Graf]]}}; historical: [[County of Portugal|Portugal]], [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]], [[Margrave of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]], [[Baden]], numerous others
|-
|[[Baron]]
|Baroness
|[[Feudal barony|Barony]]
|Baronial
|{{lang|la|Baro}}
|There are normal baronies and sovereign baronies, a sovereign barony being comparable to a principality; however, this is an historical exception: sovereign barons no longer have a sovereign barony, but only the title and style
|-
|[[Chieftain|Chief]]
|Chieftainess
|[[Chiefdom]], [[Chieftaincy]]
|Chiefly
|{{lang|la|Capitaneus}}
|The [[clan chief]]s of [[Scotland]], the grand chiefs in the [[Papua New Guinean honours system]], the [[List of Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee|chief of the Cherokee nation]], the chiefs of the [[Nigerian Chieftaincy|Nigerian chieftaincy system]], numerous others
|}