Editing Toe (section)

==Clinical significance==
{{anchor|stubbed toe}}A sprain or strain to the small [[Interphalangeal articulations of foot|interphalangeal joints]] of the toe is commonly called a '''stubbed toe'''. A sprain or strain where the toe joins to the foot is called [[turf toe]].

Long-term use of improperly sized shoes can cause misalignment of toes, as well as other orthopedic problems.

[[Morton's neuroma]] commonly results in pain and numbness between the third and fourth toes of the sufferer, due to it affecting the nerve between the third and fourth metatarsal bones.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.patient.info/health/Morton%27s-Neuroma.htm | title=Morton's Neuroma | access-date=August 21, 2012}}</ref>

The big toe is also the most common locus of [[ingrown nail]]s, and its proximal phalanx joint is the most common locus for [[gout]] attacks.

===Deformity===
{{Main|Hammer toe|Bunion}}
Deformities of the foot include [[hammer toe]], trigger toe, and claw toe. Hammer toe can be described as an abnormal contraction or “buckling” of a toe. This is done by a partial or complete dislocation of one of the joints, which form the toes. Since the toes are deformed further, these may press against a shoe and cause pain. Deformities of the foot can also be caused by [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[diabetes mellitus]]. Deformities may predispose to [[ulcer]]s and pain, especially when shoe-wearing.

A common problem involving the big toe is the formation of [[bunion]]s. These are structural deformities of the bones and the [[joint]] between the foot and big toe, and may be painful.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/bunions.htm |author=American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons |title=Bunions |access-date=2008-03-05 |archive-date=2011-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208042651/http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/bunions.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Similar deformity involving the [[fifth toe]] is described as [[tailor's bunion]] or bunionette.

[[File:X-ray of feet in polydactyly.jpg|thumb|Right-sided duplication of the right little toe in an 8.5 months old male, with two toes (fifth and sixth) apparently forming joints with the fifth metatarsal bone, which is mildly broadened distally. The duplicated toes have almost normal growth. The fifth toe has mild [[Varus deformity|varus angulation]], and the sixth toe has substantial [[Valgus deformity|valgus angulation]].]]

In [[polydactyly]] (which can also affect the [[finger]]s) one or more extra toes are present.

===In reconstruction===
A favourable option for the reconstruction of missing adjacent [[finger]]s<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=2780906 |year=1989 |last1=Wei |first1=Fu-Chan |last2=Colony |first2=Lee H. |last3=Chen |first3=Hung-Chi |last4=Chuang |first4=Chwei-Chin |last5=Noordhoff |first5=Samuel M. |title=Combined Second and Third Toe Transfer |volume=84 |issue=4 |pages=651–61 |journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |doi=10.1097/00006534-198984040-00016}}</ref>/multiple digit amputations, i.e. such as a metacarpal hand reconstruction, is to have a combined second and third toe transplantation.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/00006534-199812000-00021 |pmid=9858177 |title=Single versus Double Arterial Anastomoses in Combined Second- and Third-Toe Transplantation |year=1998 |last1=Cheng |first1=Ming-Huei |last2=Wei |first2=Fu-Chan |last3=Santamaria |first3=Eric |last4=Cheng |first4=Shao-Lung |last5=Lin |first5=Chih-Hung |last6=Chen |first6=Samuel H. T. |journal=Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery |volume=102 |issue=7 |pages=2408–12; discussion 2413 |s2cid=12036342 }}</ref> Third and fourth toe transplantation to the hand in replacing lost fingers is also a viable option.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Barbara S. |last1=Lutz |first2=Fu-Chan |last2=Wei |title=Basic Principles on Toe-to-Hand Transplantation |journal=Gung Medical Journal |url=http://memo.cgu.edu.tw/cgmj/2509/250901.pdf |pmid=12479617 |year=2002 |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=568–76 |access-date=2014-01-04 |archive-date=2014-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104042745/http://memo.cgu.edu.tw/cgmj/2509/250901.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>