Editing Traffic calming (section)

== Examples around the world ==

=== Europe ===
[[File:Traffic Calming is Everywhere in the Netherlands.webm|thumb|Not Just Bikes compares traffic calming in the Netherlands and Canada (2020).]]
Traffic calming has been successfully used for decades in cities across Europe. For example, a [[living street]] (sometimes known as [[home zone]]s or by the [[Dutch language|Dutch]] word ''[[woonerf]]'', as the concept originated in the [[Netherlands]]) towards the end of the 1960s, initially in [[Delft]], is a street in which the needs of car drivers are secondary to the needs of other road users; traffic calming principles are integrated into their design. From the Netherlands, the concept spread rapidly to Germany, starting in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] in 1976, and had become very widespread by the early 1980s. The ideas and techniques also spread to the UK towards the end of the 1980s, and practice there was advocated by academics such as Tim Pharaoh and Carmen Hass-Klau. The guidelines published by Devon County Council (of which Tim Pharaoh was the principal author) in 1991 were particularly well received.<ref>Devon County Council, 1991, "Traffic Calming Guidelines"</ref>

[[File:Low Traffic Neighbourhood (LTN) trial of a modal filter in the London Borough of Kingston upon Thames.jpg|thumb|Modal filter as part of a trial LTN in Kingston, London]]{{See also|Modal filter}}
In the United Kingdom, [[Low Traffic Neighbourhood|Low Traffic Neighbourhoods]] incorporate traffic calming and filtered permeability. In 2020, some LTNs were introduced with emergency funding from the government,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Active travel fund: local transport authority allocations |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/emergency-active-travel-fund-local-transport-authority-allocations |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=GOV.UK |date=20 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> in response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title=Local councils advised to push ahead with traffic reduction schemes |url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/nov/13/local-councils-advised-to-push-ahead-with-traffic-reduction-schemes |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> A study found that people living in LTNs in Waltham Forest became less likely to own a car and were more likely to walk or cycle.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://findingspress.org/article/17128-low-traffic-neighbourhoods-car-use-and-active-travel-evidence-from-the-people-and-places-survey-of-outer-london-active-travel-interventions |title=Low Traffic Neighbourhoods, Car Use, and Active Travel: Evidence from the People and Places Survey of Outer London Active Travel Interventions &#124; Published in Findings |journal=Findings |publisher=Findingspress.org |date= 10 September 2020|doi=10.32866/001c.17128 |access-date=2021-11-25 |archive-date=29 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429011743/https://findingspress.org/article/17128-low-traffic-neighbourhoods-car-use-and-active-travel-evidence-from-the-people-and-places-survey-of-outer-london-active-travel-interventions |url-status=live |last1=Aldred |first1=Rachel |last2=Goodman |first2=Anna |doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[School Streets]] are another UK scheme which involves part-time restrictions on motor vehicles during school pick up and drop off times.

[[File:Road at Ballincar - geograph.org.uk - 824383.jpg|thumb|A typical traffic calming gateway in Ireland, marking the transition from rural road to built-up area]]
In Ireland, traffic calming schemes have been implemented on [[Roads in Ireland#National primary roads|national roads]] since 1993, typically on those with a [[hard shoulder]], on the approach to towns and villages where the speed limit is reduced from 100 km/h to 50 or 60 km/h. This is done by reducing the width of the hard shoulder and the carriageway, various landscaping and installation of 'gateways' in order to reduce the driver's field of view, which results in a reduction of their speed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guidelines on Traffic Calming for Towns and Villages on National Routes |url=https://www.tiipublications.ie/library/DN-STY-03060-01.pdf |publisher=National Roads Authority |access-date=24 November 2023}}</ref> A gateway marks the transition from high-speed to low-speed road and may feature a [[sidewalk|pavement]], [[cycle lane]], [[traffic island|central island]] (where the road is sufficiently wide enough) or all three, and is accompanied with town/village entrance and speed limit signs as well as [[Bollard#Traffic-island bollards|bollards]] and a lamppost in the island.

An evaluation of 91 traffic calming schemes implemented between 1997 and 2002 showed that they were successful in reducing road collisions, the number of which decreased by 13%. The number of fatal collisions was reduced by 52%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Evaluation of Traffic Calming Schemes Implemented from 1997 to 2002 |url=https://www.tii.ie/tii-library/road-safety/Traffic%20Calming/RS-472-Traffic-Calming-of-Towns-and-Villages.pdf |publisher=National Roads Authority |access-date=24 November 2023}}</ref>

=== North America ===
By 2017, San Francisco's Vision Zero program, which heavily features traffic calming, has reduced fatalities by 33%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionzerosf.org/about/how-are-we-doing/|title=Vision Zero SF - How Are We Doing?|date=13 May 2015|access-date=29 October 2018|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119024422/https://www.visionzerosf.org/about/how-are-we-doing/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A 2018 study found that traffic calming measures in Portland, Oregon reduced excessive speeds, reduced daily traffic volume by 16% and increased home prices by 1%.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2018-11-13|title=Traffic calming and neighborhood livability: Evidence from housing prices in Portland|journal=Regional Science and Urban Economics|volume=74|pages=18–37|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.11.004|issn=0166-0462|last1=Polloni|first1=Stefano|s2cid=157921339}}</ref>

=== Japan ===
Various forms of traffic calming are used in Japanese cities, particularly in large cities like Tokyo and Yokohama. Tokyo's narrow streets force automobiles and pedestrians to be close to one another; a common traffic calming technique in Tokyo is to change the surface material and/or texture of the shoulder of narrow roads,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thetokyofilesurbandesign.wordpress.com/2017/03/07/traffic-calming-in-tokyo/|title=(25) Traffic calming in Tokyo 交通静穏化|date=2017-03-07|work=the tokyo files: urban design 東京の都市デザイン|access-date=2018-02-18|language=en-US|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111190339/https://thetokyofilesurbandesign.wordpress.com/2017/03/07/traffic-calming-in-tokyo/|url-status=live}}</ref> which helps define the boundary between cars and pedestrians, while allowing cars to use the shoulder to pass each other after yielding to pedestrians.