Editing Transatlantic flight (section)

=== Present day ===

In 2015, 44 million seats were offered on the transatlantic routes, an increase of 6% over the previous year. Of the 67 European airports with links to North America, the busiest was London [[Heathrow Airport]] with 231,532 weekly seats, followed by Paris [[Charles de Gaulle Airport]] with 129,831, [[Frankfurt Airport]] with 115,420, and [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]] with 79,611. Of the 45 airports in North America, the busiest linked to Europe was New York [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] with 198,442 seats, followed by [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] with 90,982, New York [[Newark Liberty International Airport]] with 79,107, and Chicago [[O'Hare International Airport]] with 75,391 seats.<ref name=AA150604>{{cite web |url= http://www.anna.aero/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/150603-connect-transatlantic.pdf |title= The transatlantic market |website= Anna.aero |date= 4 June 2015 |access-date= 11 January 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160917172016/http://www.anna.aero/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/150603-connect-transatlantic.pdf |archive-date= 17 September 2016 |url-status= live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Million seats offered<ref name=AA150604/>
|-
! Airline !! 2005 !! 2015 !! ∆
|-
| [[Delta Air Lines]] || 2.79 || 5.33 || {{#expr:(5.33/2.79-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[British Airways]] || 4.93 || 4.85 || {{#expr:(4.85/4.93-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[United Airlines]] || 2.37 || 4.78 || {{#expr:(4.78/2.37-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[Lufthansa]] || 2.99 || 3.80 || {{#expr:(3.80/2.99-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[American Airlines]] || 2.87 || 2.84 || {{#expr:(2.84/2.87-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[Air Canada]] || 1.78 || 2.76 || {{#expr:(2.76/1.78-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[Air France]] || 2.23 || 2.49 || {{#expr:(2.49/2.23-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[Virgin Atlantic]] || 1.84 || 2.38 || {{#expr:(2.38/1.84-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[US Airways]] || 1.13 || 1.75 || {{#expr:(1.75/1.13-1)*100round0}}%
|-
| [[KLM]] || 1.12 || 1.45 || {{#expr:(1.45/1.12-1)*100round0}}%
|}

[[Joint venture]]s, allowing coordination on prices, schedules, and strategy, control almost 75% of Transatlantic capacity. They are parallel to [[airline alliance]]s: [[British Airways]], [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]] and [[American Airlines]] are part of [[Oneworld]]; [[Lufthansa]], [[Air Canada]] and [[United Airlines]] are members of [[Star Alliance]]; and [[Delta Air Lines]], [[Air France]], [[KLM]] and [[Alitalia]] belong to [[SkyTeam]]. [[Low cost carrier]]s are starting to compete on this market, most importantly [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]], [[WestJet]] and [[WOW Air]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://airwaysnews.com/blog/2016/05/05/trans-atlantic-market-analysis/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506134501/http://airwaysnews.com/blog/2016/05/05/trans-atlantic-market-analysis/ |url-status=dead|archive-date=6 May 2016 |title= Analysis: The Transatlantic Market in Summer 2016 |website=Airways News |date= 5 May 2016}}</ref> A total of 431 non-stop routes between North America and Europe were scheduled for summer 2017, up 84 routes from 347 in 2012 – a 24% increase.<ref name=AA170125>{{cite news |url= http://www.anna.aero/2017/01/25/80-new-routes-north-america-europe/ |title= Over 80 new routes between North America and Europe launched since S12; North America to Asia routes up by 50% in same period |date= 25 January 2017 |website= Anna.aero |access-date= 25 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170127005604/http://www.anna.aero/2017/01/25/80-new-routes-north-america-europe/ |archive-date= 27 January 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>

In 2016 Dr. Paul Williams of the University of Reading published a scientific study showing that transatlantic flight times are expected to change as the North Atlantic [[jet stream]] responds to [[global warming]], with eastbound flights speeding up and westbound flights slowing down.<ref>Williams, Paul D. "Transatlantic flight times and climate change" ''Environmental Research Letters'', 11(2), 024008, 2016. {{doi|10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024008}}.</ref>

In February 2017, Norwegian Air International announced it would start transatlantic flights to the [[United States]] from the [[United Kingdom]] and Ireland in the summer of 2017 on behalf of its parent company using the parent's new [[Boeing 737 MAX]] aircraft expected to be delivered from May 2017.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://media.norwegian.com/uk/#/pressreleases/norwegian-unveils-69-pounds-flights-to-the-usa-from-5-uk-and-irish-cities-1823267 |title= Norwegian unveils £69 flights to the USA from 5 UK and Irish cities |date= 23 February 2017 |publisher= Norwegian Air |access-date= 20 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170719185550/http://media.norwegian.com/uk/#/pressreleases/norwegian-unveils-69-pounds-flights-to-the-usa-from-5-uk-and-irish-cities-1823267 |archive-date= 19 July 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>
Norwegian Air performed its first transatlantic flight with a [[Boeing 737-800]] on 16 June 2017 between [[Edinburgh Airport]] and [[Stewart Airport, New York]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2017/06/16/new-era-budget-travel-norwegian-begins-boeing-737-flights-europe/102918452/ |title= New era budget travel Norwegian begins Boeing 737 flights Europe |date= 16 June 2017 |work= USA Today |access-date= 20 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170712204041/https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2017/06/16/new-era-budget-travel-norwegian-begins-boeing-737-flights-europe/102918452/ |archive-date= 12 July 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>
The first transatlantic flight with a 737 MAX was performed on 15 July 2017, with a MAX 8 named ''Sir [[Freddie Laker]]'', between [[Edinburgh Airport]] in Scotland and [[Hartford International Airport]] in the US state of Connecticut, followed by a second rotation from Edinburgh to [[Stewart Airport, New York]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://atwonline.com/airframes/norwegian-performs-first-transatlantic-737-max-flight |title= Norwegian performs first transatlantic 737 MAX flight |date= 18 July 2017 |author= Victoria Moores |work= Aviation Week Network |access-date= 19 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170718155439/http://atwonline.com/airframes/norwegian-performs-first-transatlantic-737-max-flight |archive-date= 18 July 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>

Long-haul [[low-cost carrier]]s are emerging on the transatlantic market with 545,000 seats offered over 60 city pairs in September 2017 (a 66% growth over one year), compared to 652,000 seats over 96 pairs for [[Air charter|leisure airlines]]{{Definition needed|date=September 2020}} and 8,798,000 seats over 357 pairs for [[Mainline (aeronautics)|mainline carriers]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21162 |title= LCCs – in it for the long-haul? |date= 5 October 2017 |work= Flightglobal |access-date= 5 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171006013448/https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21162 |archive-date= 6 October 2017 |url-status= live }}</ref>
LCC seats grew to 7.7% of North Atlantic seats in 2018 from 3.0% in 2016, led by Norwegian with 4.8% then WOW air with 1.6% and [[WestJet]] with 0.6%, while the three [[airline alliance]]s dedicated [[joint venture]]s seat share is 72.3%, down from 79.8% in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://centreforaviation.com/insights/analysis/north-atlantic-aviation-market-lccs-grow-market-share-410928 |title= North Atlantic aviation market: LCCs grow market share |date= 12 April 2018 |work= CAPA |access-date= 13 April 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180414010441/https://centreforaviation.com/insights/analysis/north-atlantic-aviation-market-lccs-grow-market-share-410928 |archive-date= 14 April 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref>
By July 2018, Norwegian became the largest European airline for [[New York City|New York]], carrying 1.67&nbsp;million passengers over a year, beating [[British Airways]]'s 1.63&nbsp;million, while the U.S. [[major carrier]]s combined transported 26.1&nbsp;million transatlantic passengers.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2018-10-09/norwegian-now-non-us-leader-transatlantic-nyc-market |title= Norwegian Now Non-U.S. Leader in Transatlantic NYC Market |author= Cathy Buyck |date= 9 October 2018 |work= AIN online |access-date= 11 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181011214533/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2018-10-09/norwegian-now-non-us-leader-transatlantic-nyc-market |archive-date= 11 October 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref>