Editing Transposable element (section)

== Distribution ==
Approximately 64% of the maize genome is made up of TEs,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = SanMiguel P, Tikhonov A, Jin YK, Motchoulskaia N, Zakharov D, Melake-Berhan A, Springer PS, Edwards KJ, Lee M, Avramova Z, Bennetzen JL | s2cid = 33433647 | display-authors = 6 | title = Nested retrotransposons in the intergenic regions of the maize genome | journal = Science | volume = 274 | issue = 5288 | pages = 765–8 | date = November 1996 | pmid = 8864112 | doi = 10.1126/science.274.5288.765 | bibcode = 1996Sci...274..765S }}</ref><ref name="Jiao2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jiao Y, Peluso P, Shi J, Liang T, Stitzer MC, Wang B, Campbell MS, Stein JC, Wei X, Chin CS, Guill K, Regulski M, Kumari S, Olson A, Gent J, Schneider KL, Wolfgruber TK, May MR, Springer NM, Antoniou E, McCombie WR, Presting GG, McMullen M, Ross-Ibarra J, Dawe RK, Hastie A, Rank DR, Ware D | display-authors = 6 | title = Improved maize reference genome with single-molecule technologies | journal = Nature | volume = 546 | issue = 7659 | pages = 524–527 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28605751 | pmc = 7052699 | doi = 10.1038/nature22971 | bibcode = 2017Natur.546..524J }}</ref> as is 44% of the human genome,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mills RE, Bennett EA, Iskow RC, Devine SE | title = Which transposable elements are active in the human genome? | journal = Trends in Genetics | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 183–91 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17331616 | doi = 10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.006 }}</ref> and almost half of [[mouse|murine]] genomes.<ref name="Bruno-et-al-2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bruno M, Mahgoub M, Macfarlan TS | title = The Arms Race Between KRAB-Zinc Finger Proteins and Endogenous Retroelements and Its Impact on Mammals | journal = Annual Review of Genetics | volume = 53 | issue = 1 | pages = 393–416 | date = December 2019 | pmid = 31518518 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043717 | publisher = [[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | s2cid = 202572327 }}</ref>

{{confusing section|date=August 2021}}
New discoveries of transposable elements have shown the exact distribution of TEs with respect to their [[Transcription (biology)#Initiation|transcription start sites]] (TSSs) and [[enhancers]]. A recent study found that a [[Promoter (genetics)|promoter]] contains 25% of regions that harbor TEs. It is known that older TEs are not found in TSS locations because TEs frequency starts as a function once there is a distance from the TSS. A possible theory for this is that TEs might interfere with the transcription pausing or the first-intro splicing.<ref name="Zhou 19359–19366">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou W, Liang G, Molloy PL, Jones PA | title = DNA methylation enables transposable element-driven genome expansion | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 117 | issue = 32 | pages = 19359–19366 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32719115 | pmc = 7431005 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1921719117 | bibcode = 2020PNAS..11719359Z | doi-access = free }}</ref> Also as mentioned before, the presence of TEs closed by the TSS locations is correlated to their evolutionary age (number of different mutations that TEs can develop during the time).