Editing Trivial name (section)

==Organic chemistry==
In organic chemistry, some trivial names derive from a notable property of the thing being named. For instance, [[lecithin]], the common name for [[phosphatidylcholine]], was originally isolated from [[egg yolk]]. The word is coined from the Greek λέκιθος (lékithos) for ''yolk''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dalmeijer|first1=GW|last2=Olthof |first2=MR |last3=Verhoef |first3=P |last4=Bots |first4=ML |last5=Van der Schouw |first5=YT |title=Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women.|journal=European Journal of Clinical Nutrition|year=2008|volume=62|issue=3|pages=386–94|pmid=17375117|doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602725|doi-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Gobley |first=Nicolas Theodore |title=Sur la lécithine et la cérébrine |journal=Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie |year=1874 |pages=t20, 98–103, 161–166}}</ref>

Many trivial names continue to be used because their sanctioned equivalents are considered too cumbersome for everyday use. For example, "[[tartaric acid]]", a compound found in [[wine]], has a systematic name of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid. The pigment [[β-Carotene]] has an IUPAC name of 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-[(1''E'',3''E'',5''E'',7''E'',9''E'',11''E'',13''E'',15''E'',17''E'')-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohexene.<ref>{{cite web|title=beta Carotene - Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5280489|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> However, the trivial name can be potentially confusing. Based on its name, one might come to the conclusion that the molecule [[theobromine]] contains one or more bromine atoms. In reality it is an alkaloid similar in structure to caffeine.
<!----To be discussed:
*''tert''-[[Amyl alcohol]] — 2-Methylbutan-2-ol
*[[Carbolic acid]] — [[Phenol]]
*[[Chloroform]] — Trichloromethane
*[[Chloroprene]] — 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
*[[Ethylene]] — Ethene
*[[Freon]] — Chlorofluorocarbon
*[[Isopropyl alcohol]] — Propan-2-ol
*[[Pinacolone]] — 3,3-Dimethylbutan-2-one
*[[Caffeine]] — 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione
*[[Cholesterol]] — 10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
-------->

===Shape-based===
Several organic molecules have semitrivial names where the suffixes ''-ane'' (for an [[alkane]]) or ''-ene'' (for an [[alkene]]) are added to a name based on the shape of the molecule.<ref name=Nickon>{{harvnb|Nickon|Silversmith|1987}}</ref>{{rp|xi}} Some are pictured below. Other examples include [[barrelene]] (shaped like a barrel),<ref name=Nickon/>{{rp|58}} [[fenestrane]] (having a window-pane motif),<ref name=Nickon/>{{rp|55}} [[ladderane]] (a ladder shape), [[olympiadane]] (having a shape with the same topology as the Olympic rings) and [[quadratic acid]] (also known as [[squaric acid]]).

<gallery mode=packed align=center height=100px> 
File:Basketane-2D-skeletal-bold.png|[[Basketane]] 
File:Cuban.svg|[[Cubane]]
File:Dodecahedrane-3D-vdW.png|[[Dodecahedrane]]
File:housane.svg|[[Housane]]
File:Olympicene.svg|[[Olympicene]]
File:Prismane-stick.png|[[Prismane]]
File:Tetrahedrane-3D-balls.png|[[Tetrahedrane]]
</gallery>

===Based on fiction===
[[File:Rodolfo from La Boheme (1896).jpg|thumb|upright|The antibiotic [[rudolphomycin]] is named after the character Rodolfo from the opera ''[[La Bohème]]''.]]
The [[bohemic acid]] complex is a mixture of chemicals obtained through fermentation of a species of [[Actinomycetota|actinobacteria]]. In 1977 the components were isolated and have been found useful as antitumor agents and [[anthracycline|anthracycline antibiotics]]. The authors named the complex (and one of its components, bohemamine) after the opera ''[[La bohème]]'' by [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]], and the remaining components were named after characters in the opera: alcindoromycin (Alcindoro), collinemycin (Colline), marcellomycin (Marcello), mimimycin (Mimi), musettamycin (Musetta), rudolphomycin (Rodolfo) and schaunardimycin (Schaunard).<ref name=Nickon/>{{rp|64}}<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nettleton|first1=Donald E.|last2=Balitz |first2=David M. |last3=Doyle |first3=Terrence W. |last4=Bradner |first4=William T. |last5=Johnson |first5=David L. |last6=O'Herron |first6=Frances A. |last7=Schreiber |first7=Richard H. |last8=Coon |first8=Alonzo B. |last9=Moseley |first9=John E. |last10=Myllymaki |first10=Robert W. |title=Antitumor Agents From Bohemic Acid Complex, III. The Isolation of Marcellomycin, Musettamycin, Rudolphomycin, Mimimycin, Collinemycin, Alcindoromycin, and Bohemamine|journal=Journal of Natural Products|year=1980|volume=43|issue=2|pages=242–258|doi=10.1021/np50008a003|pmid=7381507}}</ref> However, the relationships between the characters do not correctly reflect the chemical relationships.<ref name=ShowBiz>{{cite journal|title=That's show business |first=Jeff |last=Aronson |journal=British Medical Journal |year=1999 |volume=319 |page=972 |publisher=BMJ Group |pmc=1116803 |doi=10.1136/bmj.319.7215.972 |pmid=10514162 |issue=7215}}</ref>

A research lab at Lepetit Pharmaceuticals, led by Piero Sensi, was fond of coining nicknames for chemicals that they discovered, later converting them to a form more acceptable for publication. The antibiotic [[rifampicin]] was named after a French movie, ''[[Rififi]]'', about a jewel heist. They nicknamed another antibiotic "[[Mata Hari]]" before changing the name to ''[[matamycin]]''.<ref name=ShowBiz/>