Editing Tuvan language (section)

== Grammar ==
Tuvan builds morphologically complex words by adding suffixes. For example, {{lang|tyv|теве}} ''teve'' is 'camel', {{lang|tyv|тевелер}} ''teveler'' is 'camels', {{lang|tyv|тевелерим}} ''tevelerim'' is 'my camels', {{lang|tyv|тевелеримден}} ''tevelerimden'' is 'from my camels'.

=== Nouns ===
Tuvan marks [[noun]]s with six [[declension|cases]]: genitive, accusative, dative, ablative, locative, and allative. The suffixes below are in front vowels, however, except ''-Je'' the suffixes follow vowel harmony rules. Each case suffix has a rich variety of uses and meanings, of which only the most basic ones are shown here.

{|class="wikitable"
!Root
! colspan="4" | Allomorphs
|-
!When after:
! voiceless
! nasals
! voiced/vowel
! After {{lang|tyv|-л}}
|-
! [[Nominative case|Nominative]]
| colspan="4" | {{lang|tyv|-∅}}
|-
! [[Genitive case|Genitive]] (''-NIŋ'')
| {{lang|tyv|-тиң}} (''-tiŋ'')
| colspan="2" | {{lang|tyv|-ниң}} (''-niŋ''))
| {{lang|tyv|-диң}} (''-diŋ'')
|-
! [[Accusative case|Accusative]] (''-NI'')
| {{lang|tyv|-ти}} (''-ti'')
| colspan="2" | {{lang|tyv|-ни}} (''-ni'')
| {{lang|tyv|-ди}} (''-di'')
|-
! [[Dative case|Dative]] (''-KA'')
| {{lang|tyv|-ке}} (''-ke'')
| colspan="3" | {{lang|tyv|-ге}} (''-ge'')
|-
! [[Locative case|Locative]] (''-DA'')
| {{lang|tyv|-те}} (''-te'')
| colspan="3" | {{lang|tyv|-де}} (''-de'')
|-
! [[Ablative case|Ablative]] (''-DAn'')
| {{lang|tyv|-тен}} (''-ten'')
| colspan="3" | {{lang|tyv|-ден}} (''-den'')
|-
! [[Allative case|Allative]] I (''-Je'')
| {{lang|tyv|-че}} (''-če'')
| colspan="3" | {{lang|tyv|-же}} (''-že'')
|-
! Allative II (''-DIvA'')<ref>Obsolete or dialectal version of current allative I</ref>
| {{lang|tyv|-тиве}} (''-tive'')
| colspan="3" | {{lang|tyv|-диве}} (''-dive'')
|-
! colspan="5" | Plural
|-
! Nominative (''-LAr'')
| {{lang|tyv|-тер}} (''-ter'')
| {{lang|tyv|-нер}} (''-ner'')
| {{lang|tyv|-лер}} (''-ler'')
| {{lang|tyv|-дер}} (''-der'')
|-
! colspan="5" | Oblique cases: by adding voiced variant into the plural suffix ({{lang|tyv|-лер<u>ниң</u>}}, {{lang|tyv|-лер<u>ге</u>}}, ...)
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Example of declensions
! Case
! Form
! Meaning
|-
! Nominative
| {{lang|tyv|теве}} (''teve'')
| "camel"
|-
! Genitive
| {{lang|tyv|тевениң}} (''teveniŋ'')
| "of the camel"
|-
! Accusative
| {{lang|tyv|тевени}} (''teveni'')
| "the camel" (definite direct object of verb)
|-
! Dative
| {{lang|tyv|тевеге}} (''tevege'')
| "for the camel" or "at the camel" (in the past tense)
|-
! Locative
| {{lang|tyv|теведе}} (''tevede'')
| "at the camel" or "in the camel"
|-
! Ablative
| {{lang|tyv|теведен}} (''teveden'')
| "from the camel" or "than a/the camel"
|-
! Allative I
| {{lang|tyv|тевеже}} (''teveže'')
| rowspan="2" | "to(wards) the camel"
|-
! Allative II
| {{lang|tyv|теведиве}} (''tevedive'')
|}

=== Verbs ===
[[Verb]]s in Tuvan take a number of endings to mark [[grammatical tense|tense]], [[grammatical mood|mood]], and [[grammatical aspect|aspect]]. [[Auxiliary verb]]s are also used to modify the verb. For a detailed scholarly study of auxiliary verbs in Tuvan and related languages, see Anderson 2004.

=== Syntax ===
Tuvan employs [[subject–object–verb|SOV]] word order. For example, {{lang|tyv|теве сиген чипкен}} (camel hay eat-PAST) "The camel ate the hay."