Editing Typing (section)

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In one study of average computer users, the average rate for transcription was 33 words per minute, and 19 words per minute for composition.<ref>{{citation |last1=Karat |first1=C.M. |last2=Halverson |first2=C. |last3=Horn |first3=D. |last4=Karat |first4=J. |year=1999 |title=Patterns of entry and correction in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems |work=CHI 99 Conference Proceedings |pages=568–575}}</ref> In the same study, when the group was divided into "fast", "moderate" and "slow" groups, the average speeds were 40 wpm, 35 wpm, and 23 wpm respectively. An average professional [[Copy typist|typist]] reaches 50 to 80 wpm, while some positions can require 80 to 95 wpm (usually the minimum required for dispatch positions and other typing jobs), and some advanced typists work at speeds above 120 wpm.<ref name="Ayres&Martinás2005">{{citation |year=2005 |author=Ayres, Robert U |author-link=Robert Ayres (scientist) |author2=Martinás, Katalin |chapter=120 wpm for very skilled typist |page=41 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksxK7J95IF8C&q=typists+%22120+words+per+minute%22&pg=PA41 |title=On the Reappraisal of Microeconomics: Economic Growth and Change in a Material World |place=Cheltenham, UK & Northampton, Massachusetts |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=1-84542-272-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksxK7J95IF8C&q=reappraisal+microeconomics |access-date=22 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Teresia R. |last=Ostrach |year=1997 |title=Typing Speed: How Fast is Average |url=http://onlinestudentreadiness.org/documents/TypingSpeed.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502164156/http://onlinestudentreadiness.org/documents/TypingSpeed.pdf |archive-date =2012-05-02}}</ref> Two-finger typists, sometimes also referred to as "hunt and peck" typists, commonly reach sustained speeds of about 37 wpm for memorized text and 27 wpm when copying text, but in bursts may be able to reach speeds of 60 to 70 wpm.<ref name="multiple">Brown, C. M. (1988). Human-computer interface design guidelines. Norwood, NJ: [[Ablex Publishing]].</ref>  From the 1920s through the 1970s, typing speed (along with shorthand speed) was an important secretarial qualification and typing contests were popular and often publicized by typewriter companies as promotional tools.

A less common measure of the speed of a typist, CPM is used to identify the number of characters typed per minute. This is a common measurement for typing programs, or typing tutors, as it can give a more accurate measure of a person's typing speed without having to type for a prolonged period of time. The common conversion factor between WPM and CPM is 5. It is also used occasionally for associating the speed of a reader with the amount they have read. CPM has also been applied to 20th century printers, but modern faster printers more commonly use PPM (pages per minute).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}

216 words per minute was achieved by [[Stella Pajunas-Garnand]] from Chicago in 1946 in one minute on an [[IBM Electric typewriter|IBM electric]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bigsiteofamazingfacts.com/history-of-typewriters |title=History of Typewriters &#124; Big Site of Amazing Facts ® |date=12 September 2007 |publisher=Bigsiteofamazingfacts.com |access-date=2012-06-13 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515165828/http://www.bigsiteofamazingfacts.com/history-of-typewriters |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.owled.com/typing.html |title=World Records in Typing |publisher=Owled.com |date=2006-09-02 |access-date=2012-06-13 |archive-date=2018-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826043812/http://www.owled.com/typing.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_4509PH04.html |title=IBM Archives: Typing posture |date=23 January 2003 |publisher=03.ibm.com |access-date=2012-06-13 |archive-date=2016-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720232526/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/modelb/modelb_4509PH04.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deskstore.com/INFORMATION-1/en/Plan-Your-Office/Believe-it-or-not |title=Believe it or not ... |publisher=Deskstore.com |access-date=2012-06-13 |archive-date=2020-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807234602/https://www.deskstore.com/INFORMATION-1/en/Plan-Your-Office/Believe-it-or-not/ |url-status=live }}</ref> using the [[QWERTY]] keyboard layout.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thekindle3books.com/qwerty-vs-dvorak-the-two-great-keyboards-the-time-were-born/ |title=QWERTY vs Dvorak: The two great keyboards the time were born |author=Lowell |date=2017-03-15 |access-date=2019-01-19 |archive-date=2019-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230910/http://thekindle3books.com/qwerty-vs-dvorak-the-two-great-keyboards-the-time-were-born/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/75268195/miss-stella-pajunas-worlds-fast-typist-types-ibm-electric-ty.html |title=Miss Stella Pajunas, World's Fast Typist, Types On An Ibm Electric Typewriterƒ |author=RetroFootage |publisher=Pond5.com |access-date=2019-01-19 |archive-date=2019-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230948/https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/75268195/miss-stella-pajunas-worlds-fast-typist-types-ibm-electric-ty.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 

<!-- This section is copied from the [[Barbara Blackburn (typist)]] article -->
The [[Associated Press]] reported [[Barbara Blackburn (typist)|Barbara Blackburn]] achieving a speed of 194 wpm in October 1984 using the MasterType typing game[https://archive.org/details/a2_MasterType_The_Typing_Instruction_Game_1981_Lightning_Software].<ref name="AP1985">{{cite news |date=January 5, 1985 |title=Grandmother, 64, from Oregon sets her third world speed typing record |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbia-record-barbara-blackburn-19/127173241/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628092431/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbia-record-barbara-blackburn-19/127173241/ |archive-date=June 28, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |work=[[The Columbia Record]] |place=Tarrytown, New York |publication-place=Columbia, South Carolina |quote=This past October, using the software program, Master type, published by Scarborough Systems of Tarrytown, and a Dvorak keyboard, she broke her computer speed mark by typing at a rate of 194 words a minute. |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> In a January 1985 story in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', Blackburn said she had recently reached 196 wpm. During her ''[[Late Night with David Letterman|Late Night]]'' appearance on January 24, 1985, she claimed to have achieved 170 wpm on minute tests, and 200 wpm using a computer.<ref name="Letterman2">{{Citation |title=The Great Typing Controversy on Letterman, January 24 and 28, 1985 |date=May 6, 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3OlsQL1rYs |access-date=August 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816201056/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3OlsQL1rYs |archive-date=August 16, 2022 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|1m07s}} In May 1985, ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' reported that Blackburn said she had "attained speeds of 212 words a minute for a brief time" using an Apple computer keyboard and the Dvorak layout.

The recent emergence of several competitive typing websites has allowed fast typists on computer keyboards to emerge along with new records, though many of these are unverifiable. Some notable{{Citation needed|date=December 2024|reason=Why are these records particularly notable}}, records include 255 wpm on a one-minute, random-word test by a user under the username slekap and occasionally bailey,<ref>{{Citation |title=255 WPM Monkey Type 60s (World Record) | date=10 November 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poGFlGf-jO0 |language=en |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505030022/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poGFlGf-jO0&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> 213 wpm on a 1-hour, random-word test by Joshua Hu,<ref>{{Citation |title=Typing 213 wpm for an hour straight | date=19 November 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBuDtqdx57g |language=en |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505030022/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBuDtqdx57g&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> 221 wpm average on 10 random quotes by Joshua Hu,<ref>{{Cite web |title=TypeRacer Race History |url=https://data.typeracer.com/pit/race_history?user=joshua728 |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=data.typeracer.com |archive-date=2020-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031111847/https://data.typeracer.com/pit/race_history?user=joshua728 |url-status=live }}</ref> and first place in the 2020 [[Ultimate Typing Championship]] by Anthony Ermollin based on an average of 180.88 wpm on texts of various lengths.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ultimate Typing Championship |url=https://ultimatetypingchampionship.com/leaderboard#:~:text=Anthony%20%22chack%22%20Ermollin%20has%20been,Typing%20Champion%20and%20win%20$5,000. |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=ultimatetypingchampionship.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415132750/https://ultimatetypingchampionship.com/leaderboard#:~:text=Anthony%20%22chack%22%20Ermollin%20has%20been,Typing%20Champion%20and%20win%20$5,000. |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-25 |title=Das Keyboard Announces Winners of the Ultimate Typing Championship 2020 and Crowns Best Typist on the Planet |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200825005348/en/Das-Keyboard-Announces-Winners-of-the-Ultimate-Typing-Championship-2020-and-Crowns-Best-Typist-on-the-Planet |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505030033/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200825005348/en/Das-Keyboard-Announces-Winners-of-the-Ultimate-Typing-Championship-2020-and-Crowns-Best-Typist-on-the-Planet |url-status=live }}</ref> All of their records were set on the [[QWERTY]] keyboard layout.

The current fastest typist is 17 year old who goes by the username ''MythicalRocket'', with a speed of 305 WPM for 15 seconds using the [[QWERTY|QWERTY keyboard layout]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Fastest Typist Is 17 Years Old, and His Next Trick Is Topping 305 Words Per Minute |url=https://www.pcmag.com/articles/the-worlds-fastest-typist-is-17-years-old-and-types-at-305-wpm |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=PCMAG |date=29 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-07-28 |title=Test Your WPM Typing Speed for Free: Typists & World Records {{!}} AOLCC |url=https://www.academyoflearning.com/blog/the-fastest-typists-in-the-world-past-and-present/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Academy of Learning |language=en-US}}</ref>

Using a personalized [[User interface|interface]], [[physicist]] [[Stephen Hawking]], who suffered from [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], managed to type 15 wpm with a switch and adapted software created by Walt Woltosz. Due to a slowdown of his motor skills, his interface was upgraded with an [[thermographic camera|infrared camera]] that detected "twitches in the cheek muscle under the eye."<ref name="hawkingcamera">{{cite web |url=http://singularityhub.com/2010/05/03/how-does-stephen-hawking-talk-video/ |title=How Does Stephen Hawking Talk? (video) |publisher=Singularity Hub |date=2010-05-03 |access-date=2012-06-13 |archive-date=2012-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624175500/http://singularityhub.com/2010/05/03/how-does-stephen-hawking-talk-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His typing speed decreased to approximately one word per minute in the later part of his life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21323-the-man-who-saves-stephen-hawkings-voice.html|title=The man who saves Stephen Hawking's voice|website=newscientist.com|access-date=2017-09-17|archive-date=2012-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825092537/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21323-the-man-who-saves-stephen-hawkings-voice.html|url-status=live}}</ref>