Editing Udmurt language (section)

=== Cases ===
Udmurt has fifteen [[Grammatical case|cases]]: eight grammatical cases and seven locative cases.

There is no congruency between [[adjectives]] and [[nouns]] in neutral Udmurt [[noun phrases]]; in other words, there is no adjective declension as in the inessive noun phrase {{lang|udm|бадӟым гурт'''ын'''}} ("in a big village"; cf. [[Finnish grammar|Finnish]] inessive phrase ''{{lang|fi|iso'''ssa''' kylä'''ssä'''}}'', in which ''{{lang|fi|iso}}'' "large" is inflected according to the head noun).

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Udmurt cases
|-
! Case !! Suffix !! Example !! Translation
|-
! colspan="4" | Grammatical
|-
|[[nominative case|nominative]]|| – ||{{lang|udm|гурт}} <br />{{IPA|/gurt/}}|| village
|-
|[[genitive case|genitive]]
|  -{{lang|udm|лэн}} <br />{{IPA|/ɫen/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртлэн}} <br /> {{IPA|/gurtɫen/}}|| of a village / village's
|-
|[[accusative case|accusative]]|| -{{lang|udm|эз}}/-{{lang|udm|ез}}/-{{lang|udm|ты}}/-{{lang|udm|ыз}} <br />{{IPA|/ez/jez/tɨ/ɨz/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртэз}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtez/}}|| village (as an object)
|-
|[[ablative]]
|  -{{lang|udm|лэсь}} <br />{{IPA|/ɫeɕ/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртлэсь}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtɫeɕ/}}|| from a village
|-
|[[dative]]
|  -{{lang|udm|лы}} <br />{{IPA|/ɫɨ/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртлы}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtɫɨ/}}|| to a village
|-
|[[instrumental case|instrumental]]
|  -{{lang|udm|эн}}/-{{lang|udm|ен}}/-{{lang|udm|ын}} <br />{{IPA|/en/jen/ɨn/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртэн}} <br />{{IPA|/gurten/}}|| by means of a village
|-
|[[abessive]]
|  -{{lang|udm|тэк}} <br />{{IPA|/tek/}}||{{lang|udm|гурттэк}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtːek/}}|| without a village
|-
|[[adverbial case|adverbial]]
|  -{{lang|udm|я}} <br />{{IPA|/jɑ/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртъя}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtjɑ/}}|| in a village way
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#efefef" | Locative cases*
|-
|[[inessive case|inessive]]|| -{{lang|udm|ын}} <br />{{IPA|/ɨn/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртын}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtɨn/}}|| in a village
|-
|[[illative case|illative]]|| -{{lang|udm|э}}/-{{lang|udm|е}}/-{{lang|udm|ы}} <br />{{IPA|/e/je/ɨ/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртэ}} <br />{{IPA|/gurte/}}|| into a village (or house)
|-
|[[elative case|elative]]|| -{{lang|udm|ысь}} <br />{{IPA|/ɨɕ/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртысь}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtɨɕ/}}|| from a village
|-
|[[egressive case|egressive]]|| -{{lang|udm|ысен}} <br />{{IPA|/ɨɕen/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртысен}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtɨɕen/}}|| starting from a village
|-
|[[terminative]]|| -{{lang|udm|озь}} <br /> {{IPA|/oʑ/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртозь}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtoʑ/}}|| end up at a village
|-
|[[prolative]]|| -{{lang|udm|этӥ}}/-{{lang|udm|етӥ}}/-{{lang|udm|ытӥ}}/-{{lang|udm|тӥ}} <br />{{IPA|/eti/jeti/ɨti/ti/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртэтӥ}} <br />{{IPA|/gurteti/}}|| along a village
|-
|[[Allative case|allative]]|| -{{lang|udm|лань}} <br />{{IPA|/ɫɑɲ/}}||{{lang|udm|гуртлань}} <br />{{IPA|/gurtɫɑɲ/}}|| towards a village
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Of all the locative cases, personal pronouns can only inflect in the allative (also called approximative).