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===Peer-to-peer=== '''Peer-to-peer''' (P2P) is a [[Distributed computing|decentralized]] communications model in which each party has the same capabilities, and either party can initiate a communication session. Unlike the client–server model, in which the client makes a service request and the server fulfils the request (by sending or accepting a file transfer), the [[peer-to-peer|P2P]] network model allows each [[Node (networking)|node]] to function as both client and server. [[BitTorrent]] is an example of this, as is the [[InterPlanetary File System]] (IPFS). Peer-to-peer allows users to both ''receive'' (download) and ''host'' (upload) content. Files are transferred directly between the users' computers. The same file transfer constitutes an upload for one party, and a download for the other party.
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