Editing Urethral stricture (section)

=== Urethroplasty ===

[[Urethroplasty]] refers to any open reconstruction of the urethra. Success rates range from 85% to 95% and depend on a variety of clinical factors, such as stricture as the cause, length, location, and caliber.<ref name="S">Santucci RA, Mario LA, McAninch JW. Anastomotic urethroplasty for bulbar urethral stricture: analysis of 168 patients. J Urol. 2002 Apr;167(4):1715-9.</ref><ref name="F">Figler BD, Malaeb BS, Dy GW, Voelzke BB, [[Hunter Wessells|Wessells H.]] Impact of graft position on failure of single-stage bulbar urethroplasties with buccal mucosa graft. Urology. 2013 Nov;82(5):1166-70.</ref><ref name="Barbagli">Barbagli G1, Sansalone S, Romano G, Lazzeri M. Bulbar urethroplasty: transecting vs. nontransecting techniques. Curr Opin Urol. 2012 Nov;22(6):474-7.</ref><ref name="Bello">Bello JO. Impact of preoperative patient characteristics on posturethroplasty recurrence: the significance of stricture length and prior treatments. Niger J Surg. 2016; 22(2):86-89</ref> Urethroplasty can be performed safely on men of all ages.<ref>Santucci RA, McAninch JW, Mario LA et al. (July 2004). "Urethroplasty in patients older than 65 years: indications, results, outcomes and suggested treatment modifications". J Urol. 172 (1): 201–3.</ref>

In the [[posterior urethra]], anastomotic urethroplasty (with or without preservation of bulbar arteries) is typically performed after removing scar tissue.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

In the [[bulbar urethra]],<ref name="S" /><ref name="F" /><ref name="Barbagli" /> the most common types of urethroplasty are anastomotic (with or without preservation of corpus spongiosum and bulbar arteries) and substitution with [[buccal mucosa graft]], full-thickness [[skin graft]], or split thickness skin graft. These are nearly always done in a single setting (or stage).{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

In the [[penile urethra]], anastomotic urethroplasties are rare because they can lead to chordee (penile curvature due to a shortened urethra). Instead, most penile urethroplasties are substitution procedures utilizing buccal mucosa graft, full-thickness skin graft, or split-thickness skin graft. These can be done in one or more settings, depending on stricture location, severity, cause and patient or surgeon preference.