Editing VR Group (section)

==Rolling stock==
[[File:I11 596 Bf Turku, Sr2 3203.jpg|thumb|right|[[VR Class Sr2]] electric locomotive at [[Turku Central Station]].]]
[[File:Vr sr3 3304 3307 3306.jpg|thumb|Three [[VR Class Sr3]] locomotives between [[Hämeenlinna railway station|Hämeenlinna]] and [[Parola railway station|Parola]] stations.]]
[[File:H782 at Varkaus 2011-03-28.jpg|thumb|right|A refurbished and recoloured [[VR Class Dv12|diesel locomotive]] pulls a regional train to [[Varkaus]] railway station in 2011.]]

=== Locomotives ===
{{main|List of Finnish locomotives}}
VR operated [[steam locomotive]]s until 1975. Although the regular use of steam traction for scheduled passenger services ended in 1970, occasional use continued until 1975. As of 2011, the company operates two classes of [[electric locomotive]]s ([[VR Class Sr1|Sr1]] and [[VR Class Sr2|Sr2]]) and three classes of [[diesel locomotive]]s ([[VR Class Dv12|Dv12]], [[VR Class Dr14|Dr14]] and [[VR Class Dr16|Dr16]]). The use of diesel locomotive hauled passenger trains has declined due to electrification of all main lines and the (re)introduction of railbuses ([[VR Class Dm12|Dm12]]) on secondary routes.

In October 2010, VR announced plans to renew its locomotive fleet by ordering around 200 new locomotives, which are expected to enter service in 2015–25.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/fleet-renewal-discussions.html
|access-date=2010-10-30
|date=28 October 2010
|title=VR plans locomotive fleet renewal
|publisher=[[Railway Gazette International]]}}</ref>

On 20 December 2013, VR announced plans to purchase 80 new electric locomotives, with 97 options. The upcoming [[VR Class Sr3|Sr3]] will be based on the [[Vectron (locomotive)|Vectron]] and will replace the aging Sr1. The locomotives will be fitted with helper diesel engines that can be used for shunting in partly unelectrified railyards. Deliveries will occur between 2017 and 2026.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.vrgroup.fi/fi/vakiolinkit/VR-konsernitiedottaa/news_20131220114054.html | title = VR Group tilaa uudet sähköveturit Siemensiltä | date = 20 December 2013 | access-date = 22 December 2013 | publisher = VR Group | language = fi }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://yle.fi/uutiset/sahkokatko_ei_pysayta_vrn_uusia_sahkovetureita__apumoottoreina_dieselkoneet/6997094 | title = Sähkökatko ei pysäytä VR:n uusia sähkövetureita – apumoottoreina dieselkoneet | first = Jarmo | last = Koponen | date = 20 December 2013 | access-date = 22 December 2013 | work = [[Yle]] | language = fi }}</ref>

==== Locomotive classification system ====
[[File:VR steam loco.JPG|thumb|right|Preserved Vr2 class steam locomotive at [[Joensuu railway station]].]]
At the beginning of traffic, locomotives were distinguished by their names, and by 1865 also by their numbers.{{sfn|Alameri|1979|p=31}} In 1887, the locomotives were given their original classification system. It was based on the wheel arrangement of the locomotives: each wheel arrangement was assigned a letter of the alphabet, which was followed by a serial number.{{sfn|Alameri|1979|pp=31–32}} The assignment of letters to different wheel arrangements was made when the first locomotive using it was brought into service; the letter A signified a 4-4-0 wheelbase in the [[Whyte notation]], B signified a 0-4-2ST locomotive, C a 0-6-0 locomotive, and so on.<ref name="resiina-ukk">{{cite web | title = Rautatie-UKK | url = http://www.resiinalehti.fi/artikkeli/6 | publisher = Resiina | at = Section 2.1.23 | language = fi | access-date = 27 April 2011 }}</ref>

On 8 October 1942, the notation system was changed to two letters and a serial number. The first letter in the designation now signified the types of trains the locomotive was generally planned to haul:{{sfn|Alameri|1979|p=32}}
* '''H''' ({{lang|fi|henkilöjuna}}) for [[passenger train]]s,
* '''P''' ({{lang|fi|paikallisjuna}}) for [[commuter rail|local (commuter) trains]],
* '''T''' ({{lang|fi|tavarajuna}}) for [[freight train]]s,
* '''S''' ({{lang|fi|sekajuna}}) for mixed freight-passenger trains and
* '''V''' (''vaihto'', literally "switch") for a [[switcher locomotive]].
The second small letter indicated the weight of the locomotive:{{sfn|Alameri|1979|p=32}}
* r (raskas) = heavy (axle load over 14.1 t)
* v (väliraskas) = midweight (axle load 11.1–14.0 t)
* k (kevyt) = light (axle load under 11.0 t)
* m = mechanical transmission (in multiple units)
* s (sähkö 'electric(ity)') = electrical transmission (in multiple units).

When diesel locomotives were taken into service in the 1950s, they were additionally differentiated by the steam locomotive classes by beginning their numbering from 11 instead of the next free number in running order. As a result, the last steam-powered heavy passenger locomotive class was designated Hr3, and its first diesel-powered counterpart Hr11.<ref name="resiina-ukk" />

The current VR locomotive classification system was taken into use on 1 January 1976. The first (capital) letter was now used to differentiate between locomotive types: '''S''' ({{lang|fi|sähkö}}) for electric, '''D''' for diesel and '''T''' ({{lang|fi|työkone}}) for maintenance equipment. The serial numbers of diesel locomotive classes were not changed, the Hr11 class becoming Dr11. In addition to this the borderline between midweight and heavy locomotives was changed to 15.1 tons and the second letter in multiple units is always m (for {{lang|fi|moottorivaunu}}).<ref name="resiina-ukk" />

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Locomotive types in use by the VR'''
! Class || No. in use || Years of manufacture || Max. speed || Power type || Notes
|-
| '''[[VR Class Sr1|Sr1]]''' ||align="Center" | 109 ||align="Center" | 1973–85 (1996) || 140 km/h || Electric || Some originally had a maximum speed of 160 km/h
|-
| '''[[VR Class Sr2|Sr2]]''' ||align="Center" | 46 ||align="Center" | 1995–2003 || 210 km/h || Electric
|-
| '''[[VR Class Sr3|Sr3]]''' ||align="Center" | 42 || align="Center" | 2016– || 200 km/h || Electric
|-
| '''[[VR Class Dv12|Dv12]]''' ||align="Center" | 180 ||align="Center" | 1963–84 || 125 km/h || Diesel-hydraulic || Pre-1976 classes: Sv12 and Sr12
|-
| '''[[VR Class Dr14|Dr14]]''' ||align="Center" | 24 ||align="Center" | 1968–71 || 75 km/h || Diesel-hydraulic || Pre-1976 class: Vr12
|-
| '''[[VR Class Dr16|Dr16]]''' ||align="Center" | 18 ||align="Center" | 1985–92 || 140 km/h || Diesel-electric || 3-phase AC inverter drive
|-
| '''[[VR Class Dr19|Dr19]]''' ||align="Center" | 60 (on order)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jäärni |first=Clarissa |date=2022-02-09 |title=Täysin Suomen oloihin tehty dieselveturi saatiin testiin Tampereelle – tällainen on nappeja myöten kuljettajien kanssa suunniteltu investointi |url=https://yle.fi/a/3-12309655 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}</ref> ||align="Center" | 2022–26 ||  || || 
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Notable locomotive types formerly used by VR'''
! Class || No. built || Years in use || Wheel arrangement || Max. speed || Power type || Notes
|-
| '''[[VR Class Tv1|Tv1]]''' (K3) ||align="Center" | 148 ||align="Center" | 1917–74 ||align="Center" | [[2-8-0]] || 60 km/h || Steam || 142 locomotives were built for the VR and 6 for the [[Latvian Railways]].
|-
| '''[[VR Class Tk3|Tk3]]''' (K5) ||align="Center" | 161 ||align="Center" | 1927–75 ||align="Center" | [[2-8-0]] || 60 km/h || Steam || Most numerous steam locomotive class in Finland.
|-
| '''[[VR Class Hr1|Hr1]]''' (P1) ||align="Center" | 22 ||align="Center" | 1937–74 ||align="Center" | [[4-6-2]] || 110 km/h || Steam || Last Pacific-type locomotives in everyday use in [[Europe]] outside the [[Eastern Bloc]].<ref>{{cite journal | first1 = Kari |last1 = Salo | title = Hr1 - The Finnish Pacific <!-- a translated title? what is the original? --> | journal = Resiina | publisher= Museorautatieyhdistys ry, Suomen Rautatiehistoriallinen Seura ry | number = 2 | year = 1987}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[VR Class Tr1|Tr1]]''' (R1) ||align="Center" | 67 ||align="Center" | 1940–75 ||align="Center" | [[2-8-2]] || 80 km/h || Steam
|-
| '''[[VR Class Dr12|Dr12]]''' (Hr12) ||align="Center" | 42 ||align="Center" | 1959–90 ||align="Center" | [[Co-Co locomotives|Co-Co]] || 120 km/h || Diesel
|-
| '''[[VR Class Dr13|Dr13]]''' (Hr13) ||align="Center" | 54 ||align="Center" | 1963–2000 ||align="Center" | [[Co-Co locomotives|Co-Co]] || 140 km/h || Diesel
|}

===Carriages===
[[File:VR Edo 28603 Pasila 2013-08-12.JPG|thumb|right|Class Edo [[Control car (rail)|control car]]s are used on select routes (here seen at [[Pasila railway station]]).]]
[[File:InterCity2 - passenger car interior.jpg|thumb|right|Interior view of the top deck of a VR InterCity2 double-deck carriage.]]

The wide Finnish [[loading gauge]] allows the passenger coaches to be considerably wider than most European passenger coaches. The aisle and seats are wider than in other European trains in the standard 2+2 configuration, and in commuter traffic 3+2 seat configuration is used to allow more seats for the same train length. The last wooden-bodied carriages were withdrawn by the mid-1980s. Prior to the 1970s these had been the mainstay of VR's passenger rolling stock.

VR has three types of locomotive hauled passenger coaches:

* Double-deck InterCity carriages are the common coaches in the long-distance trains and the mainstay of VR's network. There are several variants, including coaches with first class service, family-friendly coaches and coaches with bike as baggage capability. The coaches are built in Finland by [[Transtech Oy]] and they VR's most modern carriages. More coaches has been ordered to replace the last blue carriages and to increase capacity on the most popular routes. Their top speed is 200 km/h.
* Single-deck [[InterCity in Finland|InterCity]] carriages are used to increase capacity whenever double-deck coaches are not available. Top speed is 200 km/h.
*[[VR blue carriages|"Blue" carriages]], as they are popularly known as such due to their blue and light gray liveries, are used on night express trains from Helsinki to Kolari and Kemijärvi. Top speed is 140 or 160 km/h.

In addition to these, VR has ordered 12+13 Class Edo [[control car]]s from Transtech, eight of which have been in regular passenger traffic since 29 October 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.vrgroup.fi/fi/vakiolinkit/VR-konsernitiedottaa/news_20131029110257.html | title = Uudet ohjausvaunut aloittaneet matkustajaliikenteessä | date = 29 October 2013 | access-date = 22 December 2013 | publisher = VR Group | language = fi }}</ref> The cars are used in InterCity connections with the Sr2 and the upcoming Sr3 locomotives pushing the train.

First class, or ''Extra'' as VR calls it, is marked with Extra signs outside of the coaches on InterCity trains. Even restaurant coaches are marked similarly.

On the "Blue" carriages, first class used to be distinguished by a yellow stripe above the windows and [[dining car|restaurant cars]] by a red stripe. Cars equipped with diesel generators, which are used to provide electricity to InterCity or sleeper wagons on non-electrified tracks, can be distinguished by a blue stripe above the windows.

====Sleeper cars====
[[File:Train stop at Tampere.jpg|thumb|right|Sleeper trains between Helsinki and Lapland usually stop at [[Tampere]] for about half an hour around midnight, giving adventurous passengers time to briefly visit the city.]]
VR operates [[sleeping car|sleeper]] services between Helsinki/Turku and [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]], which also include car-carrying ([[motorail]]) wagons. Double-deck sleeping carriages (including rooms with ''en suite'' showers and toilets) were introduced on the Helsinki–[[Rovaniemi]] service in the 2000s. These wagons are painted in a green-and-white livery similar to the InterCity coaches. Since 2016, the new coaches have begun to replace the blue carriages even on the way to Kolari.

Electrification extends from [[Oulu]] northwards to Kemijärvi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electrification of the railway between Rovaniemi and Kemijärvi|url=http://portal.liikennevirasto.fi/sivu/www/e/projects/under_construction/rovaniemikemijarvi|publisher=Finnish Transport Agency|access-date=6 January 2013}}</ref> In 2006, direct sleeper services were discontinued beyond Rovaniemi (to [[Kemijärvi]]) because the new double-deck sleeping carriages were unable to operate with diesel haulage. The sleeper service to Kemijärvi was restarted in March 2008, by adding to the train in Rovaniemi a new diesel generator car supplying 1&thinsp;500 V electricity for the sleeper cars between Rovaniemi and Kemijärvi; this setup was continued in use until the electrification extension to Kemijärvi was completed at the end of 2013. Sleeper services between Turku and Joensuu and Helsinki and Kajaani were withdrawn in 2006, but with the new direct line between [[Lahti]] and [[Kerava]], the daytime services were made quicker.

On 12 January 2009, VR announced they had requested tenders for the purchase of 20 new sleeping cars, valued at €60–70 million. The two bidders interested were Alstom, which manufactures the Pendolino and some commuter trains for VR, and Finnish Transtech, which manufactured VR's new sleeping cars. The decision led to the resignation of the President and CEO of VR-Group, Henri Kuitunen, and the group's Chairman of the Board, Antti Lagerroos. Helsingin Sanomat reported they had wanted to defer the replacement of older sleeping car rolling stock until 2012 at the earliest. However, the decision went ahead because VR is a state owned business and there was pressure to seek orders from Finnish Transtech, which is currently struggling due to market downturns, in order to secure jobs.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Transtech+and+Alstom+interested+in+construction+of+rail+carriages+for+Finnish+Railways/1135242670135| title=Transtech and Alstom interested in construction of rail carriages for Finnish Railways | work=Helsingin Sanomat| date= 12 January 2009}}</ref>

===Freight wagons===
The Finnish loading gauge allows the operation of freight vehicles considerably larger than most other railways in the European Union. Road trailers (often of VR's subsidiary Transpoint) can be easily accommodated on ordinary flat wagons. Much of the freight on the VR network is carried from Russia in Russian wagons, including large capacity eight-axle oil tank wagons.

VR also has a one-third ownership of [[SeaRail]], a specialist operator of freight wagons designed for through running (via ferry) to Sweden and elsewhere in Western Europe.

===Multiple units===
[[File:VR Sm4 6422 Helsinki.JPG|thumb|right|VR class Sm4 EMU at [[Helsinki railway station]].]]
[[File:Sm5 Riihimäki.JPG|thumb|right|JKOY class Sm5 local train at [[Riihimäki railway station|Riihimäki]].]]
[[File:Urho Kekkosen vapaalippu Suomen rataverkolle.jpg|thumb|right|Finland's eighth president [[Urho Kekkonen]]'s free VR ticket for the Finnish railway network from the 1980s]]
The [[VR Class Sm3|Sm3 class Pendolino]] is the VR's "flagship", mainly connecting largest cities to the capital with top running speed up to 220 km/h. Other [[Electric multiple unit|EMUs]] in use are the [[VR Class Sm2|Sm2]] and [[VR Class Sm4|Sm4]] on [[VR commuter rail|commuter rail services]]. In addition, VR operates Pääkaupunkiseudun Junakalusto Oy -owned [[JKOY Class Sm5|Sm5]] class EMUs in [[Helsinki commuter rail|Helsinki local traffic]].

VR currently operates one class of diesel-powered multiple units: the [[Czech Republic|Czech]]-built single carriage [[VR Class Dm12|Dm12]], which is used mainly on secondary lines.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Multiple units in use by the VR
! Class || No. in use || Years of manufacture || Max. speed || Notes
|-
| '''[[VR Class Sm2|Sm2]]''' ||align="Center" | 50 ||align="Center" | 1975–81 || 120 km/h || EMU consists of an Sm2 car and an Eioc class car
|-
| '''[[VR Class Sm3|Sm3]]''' ||align="Center" | 18 sets ||align="Center" | 1992–2006 || 220 km/h || Tilting high-speed [[Pendolino]] train. Runs on domestic routes.
|-
| '''[[VR Class Sm4|Sm4]]''' ||align="Center" | 60 (30 sets) ||align="Center" | 1998–2005 || 160 km/h || EMU consists of two Sm4 units
|-
| '''[[JKOY Class Sm5|Sm5]]''' ||align="Center" |81|| align="Center" |2008–2017
| 160 km/h || EMU consists of one four-section Sm5 unit. Sm5 units are owned by [[Pääkaupunkiseudun Junakalusto Oy]] and are operated by VR on [[Helsinki Commuter Rail]] services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://raitio.org/news/uutis08/sm5.pdf |title=Electric low-floor multiple unit FLIRT: Sm5 trains for Junakalusto Oy, Finland |access-date=12 November 2008 |publisher=Stadler Rail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727200636/http://raitio.org/news/uutis08/sm5.pdf |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[VR Class Dm12|Dm12]]''' ||align="Center" | 16 ||align="Center" | 2004–06 || 120 km/h || Single carriage diesel units
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Former multiple units used by the VR
! Class || Total count || Years of manufacture || Withdrawn from service || Max. speed || Notes
|-
| '''[[VR Class Sm1|Sm1]]''' ||align="Center" | 50 ||align="Center" | 1968–73 || 2016 || 120 km/h || EMU consists of an Sm1 car and an Eio class car
|-
| '''[[VR Class Sm6|Sm6]]''' ||align="Center" | 4 ||align="Center" | 2010–11 || 2022 || 220 km/h || Former [[Allegro (train)|''Allegro'']] train, a tilting high-speed [[Pendolino]] train. To be re-introduced into long-distance service in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-14 |title=Allegro trains to be deployed in VR's domestic long-distance traffic from 2025 |url=https://www.vrgroup.fi/en/vrgroup/news/allegro-trains-to-be-deployed-in-vr-s-domestic-long-distance-traffic-from-2025-141220230921/ |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=VR Group |language=en}}</ref>
|}
{{Incomplete table|date=January 2024}}

====Multiple unit classification system====
The multiple unit classification system follows a similar logic as the locomotive classification system: the first letter signifies the power source (in addition to electric and diesel, gasoline ('''B''', ''bensiini'') and wood gas ('''P''', ''puukaasu'') have been used), followed by the letter '''m''' (''moottorivaunu'') signifyng a multiple unit, followed by a serial number.