Editing Valencian language (section)

=== Phonology ===
{{Main|Catalan phonology}}
{{Self-reference|For assistance with IPA transcriptions of Standard Valencian for Wikipedia articles, see [[Help:IPA/Catalan]].}}

==== Vowels ====
[[File:Valencian vowel chart.svg|thumb|180px|Vowels of Valencian, from {{harvnb|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=23}}]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+ {{nowrap|Vowels of Valencian}}{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=23}}{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=52}}<ref name="Lacreu i Cuesta 2002 40–4">{{Citation |last=Lacreu i Cuesta |first=Josep |title=Manual d'ús de l'estàndard oral |pages=40–4 |year=2002 |trans-title=Manual for the use of the oral standard |chapter=Valencian |edition=6th |place=Valencia |publisher=Universitat de València |isbn=84-370-5390-0}}.</ref><ref name="EOV (2002)">{{cite web|url=http://www.avl.gva.es/PDF/Diccionari/Oral.pdf|title=''L'estàndard oral del valencià''|year=2002|publisher=[[Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930022057/http://www.avl.gva.es/PDF/Diccionari/Oral.pdf
 |archive-date = 30 September 2010
}}</ref>
!|
! scope="col" | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! scope="col" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align=center
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | Close
| {{IPA link|i}}
| {{IPA link|u}}
|- align=center
| {{IPA link|e}}
| {{IPA link|o}}
|- align=center
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | Open
| {{IPA link|æ|ɛ}}
| {{IPA link|ɒ|ɔ}}
|- align=center
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ɐ|a}}
|}

* The stressed vowel system of Valencian (V) is the same as that of Eastern Catalan (EC):
** {{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/e/}}, {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, {{IPA|/i/}}, {{IPA|/o/}}, {{IPA|/ɔ/}}, and {{IPA|/u/}} (with {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}} being considerably lower than in EC).{{sfn|Recasens|1996|p=58}}

:; Close (and close-mid) vowels
:* The vowels {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} are more open and centralised than in Spanish.
:** This effect is more pronounced in unstressed syllables, where the phones are best transcribed {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|ɪ}}, {{IPAplink|ʊ}}]}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=65-69, 141-142}} (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|x'''i'''quet}} {{IPA|[t͡ʃɪˈket]}} 'boy'). As the process is completely predictable, the latter symbols are not used elsewhere in the article.
:*** (Due to the proximity of unstressed close and/or close-mid/mid vowels, non-standard colloquial Valencian may feature further lowerings producing vowel alterations or [[metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]], e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|piscina}} → *{{lang|ca-valencia|pescina}} 'pool').{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=46}}
:* The vowel {{IPA|/e/}} is somewhat retracted {{IPAblink|e|e̠}} and {{IPA|/o/}} is somewhat advanced {{IPAblink|o|o̟}} both in stressed and unstressed syllables (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|m'''e'''tr'''o'''}} {{IPA|[ˈme̠tɾo̟]}} 'metro').
:** {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} can be realised as mid vowels {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|e̞}}, {{IPAplink|o̞}}]}} in some cases. This occurs more often with {{IPA|/o/}} (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|am'''o'''r}} {{IPA|[aˈmo̞ɾ]}} 'love').{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=69-77, 135-140}}

:; Open vowels
:* The so-called "[[mid-open vowel|open vowels]]", {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}}, are generally as low as {{IPA|/a/}} in most Valencian dialects. The phonetic realisations of {{IPA|/ɛ/}} approaches {{IPAblink|æ}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}} is as open as {{IPAblink|ɒ}} (as in traditional [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] ''d'''o'''g''). This feature is also found in [[Balearic dialect|Balearic]].{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=81-90, 130-133}} For a list showing the frequency of these vowels, see [[cases where /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ are found in Valencian]].
:** {{IPA|/ɛ/}} is slightly more open and centralised before liquids {{IPA|/l, ɾ, r/}} (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|v'''e'''rdes}} {{IPA|[ˈvæɾðes]}} 'greens') and in monosyllabics ({{lang|ca-valencia|s'''e'''t}} {{IPA|[ˈsæt]}} 'seven').{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=27}}
:** {{IPA|/ɔ/}} is most often a back vowel ({{lang|ca-valencia|s'''o'''c}} {{IPA|[ˈsɒk]}} 'clog', {{lang|ca-valencia|b'''o'''u}} {{IPA|[ˈbɒw]}} 'bull').
:*** In some dialects (including Balearic) {{IPA|/ɔ/}} can be unrounded ({{IPA|[ˈsɑk]}}, {{IPA|[ˈbɑw]}}).{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=29}}
:* The vowel {{IPA|/a/}} is slightly more fronted and closed than in Central EC (but less fronted and closed than in Majorcan). The precise phonetic realisation of the vowel {{IPA|/a/}} in Valencian is [{{IPA link|ɐ}} ~ {{IPA link|ä}}], this vowel is subject to assimilation in many instances.{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=90-104}}
:** Stressed {{IPA|/a/}} can be retracted to {{IPAblink|ɑ}} in contact with velar consonants (including the velarised {{IPAblink|ɫ}}):{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=90-104}} {{lang|ca-ca-valencia|p'''a'''l}} {{IPA|[ˈpɑl]}} ('stick'); and fronted to {{IPAblink|a}} in contact with palatals:{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=90-104}} {{lang|ca-ca-valencia|ny'''a'''p}} {{IPA|[ˈɲap]}} ('botched job'). This is not transcribed in the article.
:*** The palatal pronunciation of {{IPA|/a/}} may merge with {{IPA|/ɛ/}} by some speakers: {{lang|ca-valencia|r'''a'''ig}} {{IPA|[ˈræt͡ʃ]}} ('ray').{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|pp=24-25}}

:; Vowel reduction
:* There are five general unstressed vowels {{IPA|/a, e, i, o, u/}} (rare instances of {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}} are found through compounding and vowel harmony). Although unstressed vowels are more stable than in EC dialects, there are many cases where they merge:{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=59-142}}
:** {{IPA|/a/}}: final unstressed {{IPA|/a/}} may have the following values: [{{IPA link|ɜ|ɛ̈}} ~ {{IPA link|ɞ|ɔ̈}} ~ {{IPA link|ɐ|ä̝}}] (phonetically {{IPA|[ɜ ~ ɞ ~ ɐ]}}, and traditionally transcribed without diacritics and/or atypical characters: {{IPA|/ɛ, ɔ, a/}} for simplicity), depending on the preceding sounds and/or dialect (see vowel harmony [[#Anchor vowel harmony|below]]).
:*** In some regions of the Valencian Community (especially Southern Valencian) unstressed {{IPA|/a/}} followed by stressed {{IPA|/i/}} becomes {{IPAblink|ə}}: {{lang|ca-valencia|r'''a'''ïm}} {{IPA|[rəˈim]}} ('grape'). {{Harvcoltxt|Beltran i Calvo|2000}} states,{{sfn|Saborit i Vilar|2009|p=131}} that final {{IPA|/a/}} is close to {{IPA|[ə]}} in some towns of Marina Alta: {{lang|ca-valencia|xic'''a'''}} {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃikə]}} ('girl').
:** {{IPA|/e/}}: unstressed {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/ɛ/}} may be realised as {{IPA|/a/}} (phonetically {{IPA|[a]}}, {{IPA|[ɐ̃]}}, {{IPA|[ɑ̃]}}, etc.) in initial position in contact with sibilants, nasals and certain approximants and liquids (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|'''e'''ixam}} {{IPA|[ajˈʃam]}} 'swarm').
:*** Similarly (although not recommended by the AVL), unstressed  {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/ɛ/}} merges with {{IPA|/i/}} (phonetically {{IPA|[ɪ]}}) in contact with palatal consonants (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|g'''e'''noll}} {{IPA|[d͡ʒiˈnoʎ]}} 'knee'), and especially (in this case it is accepted) in lexical derivation with the suffix {{lang|ca-valencia|-ix'''e'''ment}} (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|coneix'''e'''ment}} {{IPA|[konejʃiˈment]}} 'knowledge').
:**** In the standard ({{IPA|/e/}} → {{IPA|/i/}} {{IPA|[ɪ]}}) is only accepted in words with the suffix {{lang|ca-valencia|-ixement}}).{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|pp=45-47}}
:** {{IPA|/i/}}: it is more open and centralised {{IPA|[ɪ]}} in unstressed position.
:** {{IPA|/o/}}: unstressed {{IPA|/o/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}} may be realised as {{IPA|/u/}} (phonetically {{IPA|[ʊ]}}) before labial consonants (e.g. ''c'''o'''berts'' {{IPA|[kuˈbɛɾ(t)s]}} 'cutlery'), before a stressed syllable with a high vowel (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|s'''o'''spira}} {{IPA|[susˈpiɾa]}} 'they sighs') and in some given names (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|J'''o'''sep}} {{IPA|[d͡ʒuˈzɛp]}} 'Joseph').
:*** (Note in some colloquial speeches initial unstressed {{IPA|/o/}} can diphthongise to {{IPA|[aw]}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|'''o'''lor}} {{IPA|[awˈloɾ]}}) 'smell ([[noun|n]].)'). This is regarded as non-standard.
:** {{IPA|/u/}}: it is more open and centralised {{IPA|[ʊ]}} in unstressed position.

::; Elision and diphthongisation
::* In certain cases, unstressed {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/e/}} become silent when followed or preceded by a stressed vowel:
::** Unstressed {{IPA|/a/}}: {{lang|ca-valencia|quin'''a''' hora és?}} {{IPA|[ˌkin‿ˈɔɾɔ ˈes]}} or {{IPA|[ˌkin‿ˈɔɾa ˈes]}} ('what time is it?')
::** Unstressed {{IPA|/e/}}: {{lang|ca-valencia|est'''e''' home}} {{IPA|[ˌest‿ˈɔme]}} ('this man').
::* In some accents, vowels occurring at the end of a [[prosodic unit]] may be realised as centring diphthongs for special emphasis, so that {{lang|ca-valencia|Eh tu! Vine ací}} 'Hey you! Come here!' may be pronounced {{IPA|[ˈe ˈtuə̯ ˈvine a̯ˈsiə̯]}}. The non-syllabic {{IPA|[a̯]}} (phonetically {{IPA|[ɐ̯]}}) is unrelated to this phenomenon as it is an unstressed non-syllabic allophone of {{IPA|/a/}} that occurs after vowels, much like in Spanish.

:; Vowel harmony {{Anchor|Anchor vowel harmony}}
:* Many Valencian dialects feature some sort of [[vowel harmony]] ({{lang|ca-valencia|harmonia vocàlica}}). This process is normally progressive (i.e. preceding vowels affect those pronounced afterwards) over the last unstressed vowel of a word; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|t'''e'''l'''a'''}} {{IPA|/ˈtɛla/}} > {{IPA|[ˈtɛlɛ]}} 'fabric, cloth', {{lang|ca-valencia|h'''o'''r'''a'''}} {{IPA|/ˈɔɾa/}} > {{IPA|[ˈɔɾɔ]}} 'hour'. However (although regarded as non-standard), there are cases where regressive metaphony occurs over pretonic vowels; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|'''a'''f'''e'''ct'''a'''}} {{IPA|/aˈfɛkta/}} > {{IPA|[ɛˈfɛktɛ]}} 'affects', {{lang|ca-valencia|t'''o'''v'''a'''ll'''o'''l'''a'''}} {{IPA|/tovaˈʎɔla/}} > {{IPA|[tɔvɔˈʎɔlɔ]}} 'towel'.
:** Vowel harmony differs greatly from dialect to dialect, while many varieties assimilate both to the height and the quality of the preceding stressed vowel (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|terra}} {{IPA|[ˈtɛrɛ]}} 'Earth, land' and {{lang|ca-valencia|dona}} {{IPA|[ˈdɔnɔ]}} 'woman'); in other varieties, it is just the height that assimilates, so that {{lang|ca-valencia|terra}} and {{lang|ca-valencia|dona}} can be realised with either {{IPA|/ɛ/}} ({{IPA|[ˈtɛrɛ]}} and/or {{IPA|[ˈdɔnɛ]}}) or with {{IPA|/ɔ/}} ({{IPA|[ˈtɛrɔ]}} and/or {{IPA|[ˈdɔnɔ]}}), depending on the region and speaker.{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|pp=34-36}}
:*** In some subvarieties the unstressed vowels produced by vowel harmony may actually be higher than the stressed ones (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|port'''a'''}} {{IPA|[ˈpɔɾtɔ̝]}} 'door').
:* In a wider sense, vowel assimilations can occur in further instances (that is all or most instances of final unstressed {{IPA|/а/}}, regardless of the preceding sounds and involving palatalisation and/or velarisation): {{lang|ca-valencia|xic'''a'''}} {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃikɛ]}} or {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃikɔ]}} ('girl'). This is considered non-standard.

:; Other sound changes
::; Vowel nasalisation and lengthening
::* All vowels are phonetically nasalised between nasal consonants or when preceding a syllable-final nasal (e.g. {{lang|ca-ca-valencia|dium'''e'''nge}} {{IPA|[diwˈmẽɲd͡ʒe]}}, colloquial {{IPA|[duˈmẽɲd͡ʒe]}} 'Sunday').{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=59-142}}
::* Vowels can be lengthened in some contexts{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=59-142}} (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|c'''oo'''rdinació}} {{IPA|[koːɾðinasiˈo]}} 'co-ordination').

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
|+Main vocalic allophones{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=?}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=59-142}}
|-
! [[Phoneme]]
! [[Allophone]]
! Usage
! Example
! English
|-
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/a/}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=90-104}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ä] ~ [ɐ]}} || - Found in most instances || {{lang|ca-valencia|m'''à'''}} || {{lang|en|hand}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[a]}} || - Before/after palatals, may be higher {{IPA|[æ]}} (both in stressed and unstressed position) || {{lang|ca-valencia|ny'''a'''p}} || {{lang|en|botched job}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ã]}} || {{No wrap|- Same than {{IPA|[a]}}, but followed by a nasal; may be higher {{IPA|[æ̃]}} (both in stressed and unstressed position)}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|ll'''a'''mp}} || {{lang|en|lightning}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɑ]}} || - Before/after velars, usually higher in unstressed position {{IPA|[ʌ]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|po'''a'''l}} || {{lang|en|bucket}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɑ̃]}} || - Same than {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, but followed by a nasal; usually higher in unstressed position {{IPA|[ʌ̃]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|s'''a'''ng}} || {{lang|en|blood}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɐ]}} || - In unstressed position || {{lang|ca-valencia|'''a'''bans}} || {{lang|en|before}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɐ̃]}} || - Nasal {{IPA|[ɐ]}}; that is, {{IPA|[ɐ]}} followed by or in between nasals || {{lang|ca-valencia|ll'''a'''nçat}}  || {{lang|en|thrown}} 
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɛ̈] ~ [ɔ̈]}} || - Final unstressed syllables (vowel harmony), may be lower {{IPA|[ɛ̞̈]}} and {{IPA|[ɔ̞̈]}} || {{no wrap|{{lang|ca-valencia|terr'''a'''}} / {{lang|ca-valencia|don'''a'''}}}} || {{lang|en|Earth, land}}; {{lang|en|woman}}
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/ɛ/}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=81-90}} 
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[æ]}} || - Before liquids and in monosyllabic terms || {{lang|ca-valencia|s'''e'''t}} || {{lang|en|seven}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[æ̃]}} || - Before nasals || {{lang|ca-valencia|d'''e'''ns}}  || {{lang|en|dense}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɛ]}} || - Rest of cases, may be lower {{IPA|[ɛ̞]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|t'''e'''si}}  || {{lang|en|thesis}}
|-
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/e/}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=69-77}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[e]}} || - Found in stressed and unstressed syllables, may be lower {{IPA|[e̞]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|s'''e'''c}}  || {{lang|en|dry}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ẽ]}} || - In stressed and unstressed position followed by or in between nasals, may be lower {{IPA|[ẽ̞]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|l'''e'''nt}}  || {{lang|en|slow}}
|- 
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[a]}} || - In some cases, in initial unstressed position before palatals; may be higher {{IPA|[æ]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|'''e'''ixam}}  || {{lang|en|swarm}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɐ]}} || - In some cases, in unstressed position || {{lang|ca-valencia|t'''e'''rrós}}  || {{lang|en|earthy}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɐ̃]}} || - In some cases, in initial unstressed position before nasals (except velar nasals) || {{lang|ca-valencia|'''e'''ntén}}  || {{lang|en|they understands}}
|- 
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɑ]}} || - In some cases, in unstressed position in contact with velars; may be higher {{IPA|[ʌ]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|cl'''e'''vill}}   || {{lang|en|crevice}}
|- 
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɑ̃]}} || - In some cases, in initial unstressed position before velar nasals; may be higher {{IPA|[ʌ̃]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|'''e'''nclusa}} || {{lang|en|anvil}}
|- 
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɪ]}} || - Found in the suffix -''ixement'' || {{lang|ca-valencia|naix'''e'''ment}}  || {{lang|en|birth}}
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/i/}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=65-69}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[i]}} || - Especially found in stressed syllables || {{lang|ca-valencia|s'''i'''s}}  || {{lang|en|six}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ĩ]}} || - Nasal {{IPA|[i]}}; that is, {{IPA|[i]}} followed by or in between nasals || {{lang|ca-valencia|d'''i'''ns}}  || {{lang|en|in, within, inside}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɪ]}} || - Unstressed position || {{lang|ca-valencia|x'''i'''quet}}  || {{lang|en|boy}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɪ̃]}} || - Nasal {{IPA|[ɪ]}}; that is, {{IPA|[ɪ]}} followed by or in between nasals || {{lang|ca-valencia|m'''i'''nvar}}  || {{lang|en|to decrease, to wane}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[j]}} || - Unstressed position before/after vowels || {{lang|ca-valencia|'''i'''ogurt}} || {{lang|en|yoghurt}}
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/ɔ/}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=130-133}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɒ]}} || - Found before stops and in monosyllabic terms || {{lang|ca-valencia|r'''o'''ig}} || {{lang|en|red}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɒ̃]}} || - Before nasals || {{lang|ca-valencia|p'''o'''nt}} || {{lang|en|bridge}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ɔ]}} || - Rest of cases, may be lower {{IPA|[ɔ̞]}} || {{lang|ca-valencia|d'''o'''na}} || {{lang|en|woman}}
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/o/}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=135-140}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[o]}} || - Found in stressed and unstressed syllables || {{lang|ca-valencia|m'''o'''lt}} || {{lang|en|much, very}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[õ]}} || - Nasal {{IPA|[o]}}; that is, {{IPA|[o]}} followed by or in between nasals || {{lang|ca-valencia|'''o'''n}} || {{lang|en|where}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[o̞]}} || - Found in the suffix -''dor'' and in coda stressed syllables <!-- ({{IPA|[õ̞]}} in between nasals or before a final nasal) --> || {{lang|ca-valencia|canç'''ó'''}} || {{lang|en|song}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ʊ]}} || - Unstressed position before labials, a syllable with a high vowel and in some given names || {{lang|ca-valencia|J'''o'''sep}} || {{lang|en|Joseph}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ʊ̃]}} || - Same as {{IPA|[ʊ]}}, but followed by a nasal || {{lang|ca-valencia|c'''o'''mplit}} || {{lang|en|to fulfill}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ew]}} || - Found in most cases with the weak pronoun ''ho'' || {{lang|ca-valencia|h'''o'''}}  || {{lang|en|it}}
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/u/}}{{sfn|Recasens|1996|pp=141-142}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[u]}} || - Especially found in stressed syllables || {{lang|ca-valencia|ll'''u'''ç}} || {{lang|en|hake}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ũ]}} || - Nasal {{IPA|[u]}}; that is, {{IPA|[u]}} followed by or in between nasals || {{lang|ca-valencia|f'''u'''m}} || {{lang|en|smoke}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ʊ]}} || - Unstressed position || {{lang|ca-valencia|s'''u'''car}} || {{lang|en|to soak, to dip}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[ʊ̃]}} || - Nasal {{IPA|[ʊ]}}; that is, {{IPA|[ʊ]}} followed by or in between nasals || {{lang|ca-valencia|m'''u'''ntó}} || {{lang|en|a lot}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|[w]}} || - Unstressed position before/after vowels || {{lang|ca-valencia|te'''u'''a}} || {{lang|en|your}} (f.)
|}

==== Consonants ====
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants of Valencian{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=52}}<ref name="Lacreu i Cuesta 2002 40–4" /><ref name="EOV (2002)"/>
|-
! colspan="2" |
! scope="col" colspan=2 | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! scope="col" colspan=2 | [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br />[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! scope="col" colspan=2 | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! scope="col" colspan=2 | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! scope="row" colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|m}}
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|n}}
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | ({{IPA link|ŋ}})
|-
! scope="row" colspan="2" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| {{IPA link|p}} || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|b}}
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| {{IPA link|t̪|t}} || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|d̪|d}}
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| {{IPA link|k}} ||  style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|ɡ}}
|-
! scope="row" colspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| {{IPA link|t̠s̠|t͡s}} || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|d̠z̠|d͡z}}
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| {{IPA link|tɕ|t͡ʃ}} || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|dʑ|d͡ʒ}}
| colspan=2 |
|-
! scope="row" colspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| {{IPA link|f}} || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|v}}
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| {{IPA link|s̠|s}} || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | {{IPA link|z̠|z}}
| style="border-right: 0;" width=25px| {{IPAlink|ɕ|ʃ}} || style="border-left: 0;" width=25px | ({{IPAlink|ʑ|ʒ}})
| colspan=2 |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
! <small>[[Central consonant|Central]]</small>
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-right: 0;"| || style="border-left: 0;"  | {{IPA link|j}}
| style="border-right: 0;"| || style="border-left: 0;" | {{IPA link|w}}
|-
! scope="row" | <small>[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]</small>
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-right: 0;"| || style="border-left: 0;" | {{IPA link|l}}
| style="border-right: 0;"| || style="border-left: 0;" | {{IPA link|ʎ}}
| colspan=2 |
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
! <small>[[Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]</small>
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-right: 0;"| || style="border-left: 0;" | {{IPA link|ɾ}}
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|-
! scope="row" | <small>[[Trill consonant|Trill]]</small>
| colspan=2 |
| style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;" | {{IPA link|r}}
| colspan=2 |
| colspan=2 |
|}

; Nasals
* {{IPA|/m/}} is bilabial, except before {{IPA|/v/}} and {{IPA|/f/}} where it becomes labiodental {{IPA|[ɱ]}}.
* {{IPA|/n/}} is apical front alveolar {{IPA|[n̺]}}, and laminal denti-alveolar {{IPA|[n̪]}} before {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/d/}}.
** In addition, {{IPA|/n/}} is postalveolar {{IPA|[n̠]}} or alveolo-palatal {{IPA|[ɲ̟]}} before {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}, {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}, and {{IPA|/ʃ/}}; velar {{IPA|[ŋ]}} before {{IPA|/ɡ/}} and {{IPA|/k/}}; and labiodental {{IPA|[ɱ]}} before {{IPA|/v/}} and {{IPA|/f/}}, where it merges with {{IPA|/m/}}. It also merges with {{IPA|/m/}} (to {{IPA|[m]}}) before {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/p/}}.
* {{IPA|/ɲ/}} is laminal front alveolo-palatal {{IPA|[ɲ̟]}}.
* {{IPA|/ŋ/}} is velar and is only found in the coda.

; Obstruents
* Obstruents assimilate to the voicing of the following consonant and vowel: {{lang|ca-valencia|el'''s''' amics}} {{IPA|[elz‿aˈmiks]}} ('the friends').
** Voiced obstruents undergo [[final-obstruent devoicing]] so that {{lang|ca|fre'''d'''}} ('cold', [[grammatical gender|m.]] [[grammatical number|s.]]) is pronounced with {{IPA|[t]}} (or {{IPA|[d̥]}}) {{IPA|[ˈfɾet]}} while {{lang|ca|fre'''d'''es}} ('cold', [[grammatical gender|f.]] [[grammatical number|pl.]]) is pronounced with {{IPA|[ð]}} {{IPA|[ˈfɾeðes]}}. (See also "[[#Anchor plosives|plosives]]" and "[[#Anchor affricates and fricatives|affricates and fricatives]]").

:; Plosives {{Anchor|Anchor plosives}}
:* {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/p/}} are bilabial.
:** {{IPA|/b/}} is lenited to the approximant (or fricative) {{IPAblink|β̞}} (or {{IPAblink|β}}) in [[betacism|betacist]] dialects, after a [[continuant]], i.e. a vowel or any type of consonant other than a [[stop consonant|stop]] or [[nasal consonant|nasal]] (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|ca'''b'''ut}} {{IPA|[kaˈβ̞ut]}} 'big head, stubborn' vs. {{lang|ca-valencia|can'''v'''i}} {{IPA|[ˈkambi]}} 'change', Standard without betacism: {{IPA|[kaˈbut]}} and {{IPA|[ˈkaɱvi]}}).
:** Voiced contrast is lost word finally, so {{lang|ca-valencia|cu'''b'''}} ('cube') and {{lang|ca-valencia|cu'''p'''}} ('winepress') are both pronounced with final {{IPA|[p]}} (also represented as {{IPA|[b̥]}}).
:*** Final {{IPA|/p/}} may be lenited before a vowel: {{lang|ca|ca'''p''' estret}} {{IPA|[ˈkab‿esˈtɾet]}} or {{IPA|[ˈkaβ̞‿esˈtɾet]}} ('narrow head').{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=53}}
:*** Final {{IPA|/p/}} after nasals is preserved in most dialects: {{lang|ca-valencia|cam'''p'''}} {{IPA|[ˈkamp]}} ('field').
:* {{IPA|/d/}} and {{IPA|/t/}} are laminal denti-alveolar {{IPA|[t̪]}} and {{IPA|[d̪]}}. After {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}}, they are laminal alveolar {{IPA|[t̻]}} and {{IPA|[d̻]}}.
:** {{IPA|/d/}} is [[lenition|lenited]] to the approximant (or fricative) {{IPAblink|ð̞}} (or {{IPAblink|ð}}), after a [[continuant]], i.e. a vowel or any type of consonant other than a [[stop consonant|stop]] or [[nasal consonant|nasal]] (exceptions include {{IPA|/d/}} after [[lateral consonant]]s): {{lang|ca-valencia|fa'''d'''es}} {{IPA|[ˈfað̞es]}} 'fairies' vs. {{lang|ca-valencia|fal'''d'''es}} {{IPA|[ˈfal̪des]}} ('skirts').
:*** {{IPA|/d/}} {{IPA|[ð]}} is often elided between vowels following a stressed syllable (found notably in feminine participles, {{IPA|/ada/}} → {{IPA|[aː]}}, and in the suffix {{lang|ca-valencia|-dor}}); e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|fideuà}} {{IPA|[fiðeˈwaː]}} ( < {{lang|ca-valencia|fideua'''d'''a}}) '[[fideuà]]', {{lang|ca-valencia|moca'''d'''or}} {{IPA|[mokaˈoɾ]}} 'tissue' (note this feature, although widely spread in south Valencia, is not recommended in Standard Valencian,<ref name="EOV (2002)"/> except for reborrowed terms such as {{lang|ca-valencia|Albà}}, {{lang|ca-valencia|Roà}}, the previously mentioned {{lang|ca-valencia|fideuà}}, etc.).
:** Voiced contrast is lost word finally, so {{lang|ca-valencia|sor'''d'''}} ('deaf') and {{lang|ca-valencia|sor'''t'''}} ('luck') are both pronounced with final {{IPA|[t]}} (also represented as {{IPA|[d̥]}}).
:*** Final {{IPA|/t/}} may be lenited before a vowel: {{lang|ca|to'''t''' açò}} {{IPA|[ˈtoð‿aˈsɔ]}} ('all this').{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=53}}
:*** Final {{IPA|/t/}} after nasals and laterals is preserved in most dialects: {{lang|ca-valencia|cen'''t'''}} {{IPA|[ˈsen̪t]}} ('hundred') and {{lang|ca-valencia|mol'''t'''}} {{IPA|[ˈmol̪t]}} ('very').
:* {{IPA|/ɡ/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} are velar.
:** {{IPA|/ɡ/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} are [[fronting (sound change)|fronted]] to pre-velar position [{{IPA link|ɟ̠}}, {{IPA link|c̠}}] before [[front vowel]]s: {{lang|ca-valencia|'''qu'''i}} {{IPA|[ˈc̠i]}} ('who'). This is not transcribed in broader transcriptions of Valencian.
:** {{IPA|/ɡ/}} is [[lenition|lenited]] to the approximant (or fricative) {{IPAblink|ɰ|ɣ̞}} (or {{IPAblink|ɣ}}) after a [[continuant]], i.e. a vowel or any type of consonant other than a [[stop consonant|stop]] or [[nasal consonant|nasal]].
:*** In some dialects, {{IPA|/ɡ/}} may lenite {{IPA|[ɣ]}} in all environments (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|'''g'''at}} {{IPA|[ˈɣ̞at]}}), except after nasal ({{lang|ca-valencia|an'''g'''oixa}} {{IPA|[aŋˈɡojʃa]}} 'anguish').{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=57}}
:** Voiced contrast is lost word finally, so {{lang|ca-valencia|re'''g'''}} ('irrigation') and {{lang|ca-valencia|re'''c'''}} ('irrigation ditch') are both pronounced with final {{IPA|[k]}} (also represented as {{IPA|[ɡ̥]}}).
:*** Final {{IPA|/k/}} may be lenited before a vowel: {{lang|ca|po'''c''' alt}} {{IPA|[ˈpɔɣ‿ˈal̪t]}} ('not very tall').{{sfn|Saborit Vilar|2009|p=53}}
:*** Final {{IPA|/k/}} after nasals is preserved in most dialects: {{lang|ca-valencia|ban'''c'''}} {{IPA|[ˈbaŋk]}} ('bank').

:; Affricates and fricatives {{Anchor|Anchor affricates and fricatives}}
:* {{IPA|/d͡z/}} and {{IPA|/t͡s/}} are apical alveolar {{IPA|[d͡z̺]}} and {{IPA|[t͡s̺]}}. They may be somewhat fronted, so that the stop component is laminal denti-alveolar, while the fricative component is apical post-dental. {{IPA|/t͡s/}} is rare and may not be phonemic.
:** In the Standard, intervocalic {{IPA|/d͡z/}}, e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|se'''tz'''e}} ('sixteen'), and {{IPA|/t͡s/}}, e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|po'''ts'''er}} ('maybe'), are recommended to be pronounced with a gemination of the stop element ({{IPA|[dd͡z]}} and {{IPA|[tt͡s]}}, respectively. However this is not transcribed in standard transcriptions.
:*** Note {{IPA|/d͡z/}} is deaffricated to {{IPAblink|z}} in verbs ending in {{lang|ca-valencia|-itzar}} and derivatives: {{lang|ca-valencia|anali'''tz'''ar}} {{IPA|[analiˈzaɾ]}} ('to analyse'), {{lang|ca-valencia|organi'''tz'''ació}} {{IPA|[oɾɣanizasiˈo]}} ('organisation'). Also in words like {{lang|ca-valencia|bo'''tz'''ina}} {{IPA|[boˈzina]}} ('horn'), {{lang|ca-valencia|hori'''tz'''ó}} {{IPA|[oɾiˈzo]}} ('horizon') and {{lang|ca-valencia|maga'''tz'''em}} {{IPA|[maɣaˈzem]}} ('storehouse') (cf. {{lang|ca-valencia|gui'''tz'''a}} {{IPA|[ˈɡid͡za]}}, 'kick' (from an animal)).
:* {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}, {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}, ({{IPA|[ʒ]}}), and {{IPA|/ʃ/}} are described as back alveolo-palatal, or postalveolar.
:** Valencian has preserved in most of its varieties the mediaeval [[voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|voiced pre-palatal affricate]] {{IPAslink|d͡ʑ|d͡ʒ}} (similar to the ''j'' in English "jeep") in contexts where other modern dialects have developed [[fricative consonant]]s {{IPA|/ʒ/}} (like the ''si'' in English "vision"), e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|di'''j'''ous}} {{IPA|[diˈd͡ʒɔws]}} ('Thursday').
:** Note the fricative {{IPAblink|ʑ|ʒ}} (and {{IPA|[jʒ]}}) appears only as a voiced [[allophone]] of {{IPA|/ʃ/}} (and {{IPA|/jʃ/}}) before vowels and voiced consonants; e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|pe'''ix''' al forn}} {{IPA|[ˈpejʒ al ˈfoɾn]}} ('oven fish').
:** Unlike other Catalan dialects, {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} and {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}} do not geminate (in most accents): {{lang|ca-valencia|me'''tg'''e}} {{IPA|[ˈmed͡ʒe]}} ('medic'), and {{lang|ca-valencia|co'''tx'''e}} {{IPA|[ˈkot͡ʃe]}} ('car'). Exceptions may include learned terms like {{lang|ca-valencia|pi'''dg'''in}} {{IPA|[ˈpidd͡ʒin]}} ('pidgin').
:** Final etymological {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} is devoiced to {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}}: {{lang|ca-valencia|lle'''ig'''}} {{IPA|[ˈʎet͡ʃ]}} ('ugly').
:* {{IPA|/z/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} are apical back alveolar {{IPA|[z̺]}} and {{IPA|[s̺]}}, also described as postalveolar.
:** In some dialects, {{IPA|/s/}} is pronounced {{IPAblink|sʲ}} or {{IPAblink|ʃ}} after {{IPA|/i, j, ʎ, ɲ/}}. In the Standard only is accepted after {{IPA|/i/}} (in the inchoative form with {{IPA|/sk/}} → {{IPA|[ʃk]}}), and after {{IPA|/ʎ, ɲ/}}: {{lang|ca-valencia|ell'''s'''}} {{IPA|[ˈeʎʃ]}} ('they'). In some variants the result may be an affricate.{{sfn|Recasens|2014|pp=253-254}}
:** Final {{IPA|/z/}} is devoiced to {{IPA|[s]}} (also represented as {{IPA|[z̥]}}): {{lang|ca-valencia|brun'''z'''}} {{IPA|[ˈbɾuns]}} ('they buzzes').
:* {{IPA|/v/}} and {{IPA|/f/}} are labiodental.
:** {{IPA|/v/}} occurs in Balearic,{{sfn|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=53}} [[Algherese dialect|Alguerese]], Standard Valencian and some areas in southern Catalonia (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|'''v'''iu}} {{IPA|[ˈviw]}}, 'they lives').{{sfn|Veny|2007|p=51}} It has [[betacism|merged]] with {{IPA|/b/}} [[Catalan language#Consonants|elsewhere]].{{sfn|Wheeler|2005|p=13}}
:*** {{IPA|/v/}} is realised as an approximant {{IPAblink|ʋ}} after continuants: {{lang|ca-valencia|a'''v'''anç}} {{IPA|[aˈʋans]}} ('advance'). This is not transcribed in this article.
:*** Final {{IPA|/v/}} is devoiced to {{IPA|[f]}} (also represented as {{IPA|[v̥]}}): {{lang|ca-valencia|sal'''v'''}} {{IPA|[ˈsalf]}} ('save, except').

; Liquids {{No bold|(rhotics and laterals)}}
* {{IPA|/l/}} is apical front alveolar {{IPA|[l̺]}}, and laminal denti-alveolar {{IPA|[l̪]}} before {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/d/}}. (In addition, {{IPA|/l/}} is postalveolar {{IPA|[l̠]}} or alveolo-palatal {{IPA|[ʎ̟]}} before {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}, {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}, and {{IPA|/ʃ/}}).
** {{IPA|/l/}} is normally [[velarization|velarised]] ({{IPAblink|ɫ}}), especially in the coda.
*** {{IPA|/l/}} is generally [[elision|dropped]] in the word {{lang|ca-valencia|a'''l'''tre}} {{IPA|[ˈatɾe]}} ('other'), as well as in derived terms.<ref name="EOV (2002)"/>
* {{IPA|/ʎ/}} is laminal front alveolo-palatal {{IPA|[ʎ̟]}}.
* {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is apical front alveolar {{IPA|[ɾ̺]}} and {{IPA|/r/}} is apical back alveolar {{IPA|[r̺]}}, also described as postalveolar.
** Between vowels, the two rhotics contrast (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|mi'''r'''a}} {{IPA|[ˈmiɾa]}} 'they looks' vs. {{lang|ca-valencia|mi'''rr'''a}} {{IPA|[ˈmira]}} 'myrrh'), but they are otherwise in complementary distribution. {{IPAblink|ɾ}} appears in the [[syllable onset|onset]], except in word-initial position ({{lang|ca-valencia|'''r'''uc}} 'donkey'), after {{IPA|/l/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}, and {{IPA|/s/}}  ({{lang|ca-valencia|fol'''r'''e}} 'lining', {{lang|ca-valencia|hon'''r'''a}} 'honour', and {{lang|ca-valencia|Is'''r'''ael}} 'Israel'), and in [[compound (linguistics)|compounds]] ({{lang|ca-valencia|infra'''r'''oig}} 'infrared'), where {{IPAblink|r}} is used.
** {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is mostly retained in the coda (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|ana'''r'''}} {{IPA|[aˈnaɾ]}}, 'to go'), except for some cases where it can be dropped: {{lang|ca-valencia|p'''r'''endre}} {{IPA|[ˈpendɾe]}} ('to take'), {{lang|ca-valencia|a'''r'''bre}} {{IPA|[ˈabɾe]}} ('tree'), and {{lang|ca-valencia|dine'''r'''s}} {{IPA|[diˈnes]}} ('money').<ref name="EOV (2002)"/>
*** In some dialects {{IPA|/ɾ/}} can be further dropped in combinatory forms with infinitives and pronouns ({{lang|ca-valencia|ana'''r'''-me'n}} {{IPA|[aˈna.men]}} 'to go away, to leave' [myself]).
*** In other dialects, further instances of final {{IPA|/ɾ/}} (like nouns and/or infinitives, regardless of combinatory forms with pronouns) are lost: {{lang|ca-valencia|ana'''r'''}} {{IPA|[aˈna]}} ('to go').

; Semivowels
* The vowels {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} have as non-vocalic correlates the semivowels {{IPA|[j]}} and {{IPA|[w]}}, respectively, which form a diphthong with the preceding or following vowel (e.g. {{lang|ca-valencia|h'''i'''ena}} {{IPA|[ˈjena]}} 'hyena', {{lang|ca-valencia|fe'''i'''a}} {{IPA|[ˈfeja]}} 'I / they was doing', {{lang|ca-valencia|me'''u'''a}} {{IPA|[ˈmewa]}} 'mine', {{lang|ca-valencia|pasq'''u'''a}} {{IPA|[ˈpaskwa]}} 'Easter').
** According {{Harvcoltxt|Wheeler|2005}},{{sfn|Wheeler|2005|p=101}} the sequences {{IPA|[ɡw]}} or {{IPA|[kw]}} are regarded as labiovelar phonemes {{IPA|/ɡʷ/}} and {{IPA|/kʷ/}}.

; Metathesis
* In some places, some terms can undergo [[sound change]]s (such as metathesis), like {{lang|ca-valencia|cridar}} → *{{lang|ca-valencia|crid(r)ar}} or {{lang|ca-valencia|quid(r)ar}} ('to call'). This is heard frequently in the term {{lang|ca-valencia|aigua}} (standard) → {{lang|ca-valencia|àuia}} (colloquial) ('water').