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==== Pskov Republic ==== {{Further|Pskov Republic#Internal organization}} The ''veche'' of the [[Pskov Republic]] had legislative powers; it could appoint military commanders and hear ambassadors' reports. It also approved expenses such as grants to princes and payments to builders of walls, towers and bridges.<ref>{{cite book |title= Древний Псков. Очерки по истории феодальной республики|last= Kafengauz|first= Berngardt|year= 1969|publisher= Nauka|language=ru|pages= 98–105}}</ref> The ''veche'' gathered at the court of the [[Trinity Cathedral, Pskov|Trinity Cathedral]], which held the archives of the ''veche'' and important private papers and state documents. The ''veche'' assembly included ''posadniki'' (mayors), "middle" and common people.<ref>{{cite book |title= Древний Псков. Очерки по истории феодальной республики|last= Kafengauz|first= Berngardt|year= 1969|publisher= Nauka|language=ru|pages= 111}}</ref> Historians differ on the extent to which the ''veche'' was dominated by the elites, with some saying that real power was held in the hands of boyars, with others considering the ''veche'' to be a democratic institution.<ref>{{cite book |title= Древний Псков. Очерки по истории феодальной республики|last= Kafengauz|first= Berngardt|year= 1969|publisher= Nauka|language=ru|pages= 85–90,110}}</ref> Conflicts were common and the confrontation between the ''veche'' and the ''posadniki'' in 1483–1484 led to the execution of one ''posadnik'' and the confiscation of the property of three other ''posadniki'' who fled to Moscow.<ref>{{cite book |title= Древний Псков. Очерки по истории феодальной республики|last= Kafengauz|first= Berngardt|year= 1969|publisher= Nauka|language=ru|pages= 74}}</ref> The most significant achievement of the Pskov ''veche'' was the adoption of the [[Pskov Judicial Charter]], likely after 1462, which was the most comprehensive Russian legislation enacted until the [[Sudebnik of 1497]] under Ivan III, the first collection of laws of the unified state.{{sfn|Feldbrugge|2009|p=160}} The unification of Russia gave rise to a new political system characterized by the dominance of the grand prince, who viewed the country as his personal patrimony and dismantled traditional institutions like the ''veche''.{{sfn|Riasanovsky|Steinberg|2019|page=85}} In the autumn of 1509, Grand Prince [[Vasili III of Russia|Vasily III]] visited Novgorod, where he received complaints from the Pskov ''veche'' against the Muscovite governor of the city.{{sfn|Crummey|2014|page=92}} At first, Vasily encouraged complaints against the governor, but soon demanded that the city abolish its traditional institutions, including the removal of the ''veche'' bell.{{sfn|Crummey|2014|page=92}} From that point on, Pskov was to be ruled exclusively by his governors and officials, and on 13 January 1510, the ''veche'' bell was removed and transported to Moscow.{{sfn|Crummey|2014|page=92}}
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