Editing Water memory (section)

== Other scientists ==

In 2003, Louis Rey, a chemist from [[Lausanne]], reported that frozen samples of lithium and sodium chloride solutions prepared according to homeopathic prescriptions showed – after being exposed to radiation – different [[thermoluminescence]] peaks compared with pure water. Rey claimed that this suggested that the networks of hydrogen bonds in homeopathic dilutions were different.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rey | first1 = L | year = 2003 | title = Thermoluminescence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride and sodium chloride | journal = Physica A | volume = 323 | pages = 67–74 | doi = 10.1016/s0378-4371(03)00047-5 | bibcode = 2003PhyA..323...67R }}</ref> These results have never been replicated and are not generally accepted - even Benveniste criticised them, pointing out that they were not blinded.<ref>[http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn3817 Icy claim that water has memory] ''New Scientist''  11 June 2003</ref>

In January 2009, [[Luc Montagnier]], the Nobel Laureate virologist who led the team that discovered the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), claimed (in a paper published in a journal that he set up, which seems to have avoided conventional peer review as it was accepted three days after submission) that the DNA of [[pathogen]]ic bacteria and viruses massively diluted in water emit radio waves that he can detect.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Montagnier | first1 = L | display-authors = etal | year = 2009 | title = Electromagnetic signals are produced by aqueous nanostructures derived from bacterial DNA sequences | journal = Interdiscip Sci | volume = 1 | issue = 2| pages = 81–90 | pmid = 20640822 | doi = 10.1007/s12539-009-0036-7 | s2cid = 7158953 }}</ref> The device used to detect these signals was developed by Jacques Benveniste, and was independently tested, with the co-operation of the Benveniste team, at the request of the United States [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]]. That investigation was unable to replicate any effects of digital signals using the device.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Jonas | first1 = WB | display-authors = etal | year = 2006 | title = Can specific biological signals be digitized? | journal = FASEB J | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 23–8 | pmid = 16394263 | doi = 10.1096/fj.05-3815hyp | doi-access = free | s2cid = 23116745 }}</ref>

In 2010, at the age of 78, Montagnier announced that he would take on the leadership of a new research institute at Jiaotong University in Shanghai, where he plans to continue this work. He claims that the findings "are very reproducible and we are waiting for confirmation by other labs", but said, in an interview with ''Science'', "There is a kind of fear around this topic in Europe. I am told that some people have reproduced Benveniste's results, but they are afraid to publish it because of the intellectual terror from people who don't understand it." Montagnier had called Benveniste "a modern [[Galileo]]", but the problem was that "his results weren't 100% reproducible".<ref>Newsmaker interview: {{cite journal | last1 = Montagnier | first1 = Luc | date = Dec 2010 | title = French Nobelist escapes 'intellectual terror' to pursue radical ideas in China. Interview by Martin Enserink | journal = Science | volume = 330 | issue = 6012| page = 1732 | doi = 10.1126/science.330.6012.1732 | pmid = 21205644 | bibcode = 2010Sci...330.1732E | doi-access = free }}</ref>