Editing Weather modification (section)

==Hurricane modification==
{{See also|Wind shear|Deep ocean water|Saharan Air Layer}}
NOAA published a page addressing various ideas in regard to tropical cyclone manipulation.

In 2007, "How to stop a hurricane"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cogentbenger.com/documentaries/how-to-stop-a-hurricane/|publisher=CBC|access-date=2012-11-19|title=How to stop a Hurricane|archive-date=November 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104152858/http://cogentbenger.com/documentaries/how-to-stop-a-hurricane/|url-status=live}}</ref> explored various ideas such as:
* Using lasers to discharge [[lightning]] in storms which are likely to become hurricanes
* Pouring [[liquid nitrogen]] onto the sea to deprive the hurricane of [[Internal energy|heat energy]].
* Creating [[soot]] to absorb sunlight and change [[Temperature|air temperature]] and create [[Convection|convection currents]] in the outer wall.
Researchers from NOAA's hurricane research division addressed hurricane control based ideas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/tcfaqC.html|title=Hurricane Research Division - Tropical Cyclone Modification And Myths|date=June 1, 2017|website=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=June 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604133434/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/tcfaqC.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Later ideas (2017) include laser inversion along the same lines as laser cooling (normally used at cryogenic temperatures) but intended to cool the top 1mm of water. If enough power were to be used then it may be enough, combined with computer modelling, to form an interference pattern able to inhibit a hurricane or significantly reduce its strength by depriving it of heat energy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.mit.edu/2007/super-cool|title=Laser-cooling brings large object near absolute zero|last=Trafton|first=Anne|date=April 5, 2007|work=MIT News|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=February 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206195902/https://news.mit.edu/2007/super-cool|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/11/16/uw-team-refrigerates-liquids-with-a-laser-for-the-first-time/|title=UW team refrigerates liquids with a laser for the first time|last=Lanston|first=Jennifer|date=November 16, 2015|work=University of Washington News|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=May 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526030800/http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/11/16/uw-team-refrigerates-liquids-with-a-laser-for-the-first-time/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other proposals for hurricane modification include the construction of a large array of offshore wind turbines along the [[East Coast of the United States]]. Such turbines would have the dual purpose of generating plentiful energy whilst also reducing the power of oncoming hurricanes before they make [[landfall]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2120 | title=Taming hurricanes with arrays of offshore wind turbines | date=26 February 2014 |author1=Mark Z. Jacobson |author2=Cristina L. Archer |author3=Willett Kempton | journal=Nature Climate Change | volume=4 | issue=3 | pages=195–200 | doi=10.1038/nclimate2120 | bibcode=2014NatCC...4..195J | url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Pumping up deep ocean waters to cool the surface===
{{See also|Thermocline|Sea surface temperature|Coast Guard}}
Pumping up colder [[deep ocean water]] in front of a [[tropical storm]] to cool the [[sea surface skin temperature]] could be a technique used to fight hurricanes in the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] before they develop into [[Major hurricane|major hurricanes]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Controlling hurricanes is bold, risky and failed idea. Some want to try again. - The Washington Post | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2024/09/16/stop-hurricanes-weather-climate-change/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916132006/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2024/09/16/stop-hurricanes-weather-climate-change/ | access-date=2025-05-16 | archive-date=2024-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2897/|title=NASA Scientific Visualization Studio {{pipe}} Cold Water Trails from Hurricanes Fabian and Isabel (WMS)|first=Eric|last=Sokolowsky|date=February 11, 2004|website=NASA Scientific Visualization Studio}}</ref>

It is purely speculative and difficult to realize since placing such pumps in the path of a hurricane would be difficult. Furthermore, any such project  would need a large number of them to upwell enough water to cool a large enough sea surface area to have any effectiveness. That is without counting the large amount of energy needed to power those pumps and its effects on marine life.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://phys.org/news/2022-09-artificial-ocean-cooling-weaken-hurricanes.html|date=September 10, 2022 |title=Artificial ocean cooling to weaken hurricanes is futile, study finds|author= Annie Reisewitz |publisher=Phys Org |access-date=2024-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/C5e.html|title=Hurricane Research Division - Why don't we try to destroy tropical cyclones by cooling the surface waters with icebergs or deep ocean water ? |date=June 1, 2017|website=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=June 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604133434/https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/C5e.html|url-status=live}}</ref>