Editing Weaving (section)

===Southeast Asia===
In the [[Philippines]], numerous pre-colonial weaving traditions exist among different [[Ethnic groups of the Philippines|ethnic groups]]. They used various plant fibers, mainly [[abacá]] or [[banana]], but also including [[Gossypium arboreum|tree cotton]], [[buri palm]] (locally known as {{Lang|fil|buntal}}) and other palms, various grasses (like {{Lang|fil|amumuting}} and {{Lang|fil|tikog}}), and [[barkcloth]].<ref name="tatler">{{cite web |last1=Sorilla |first1=Franz IV |title=Weaving the Threads of Filipino Heritage |url=https://ph.asiatatler.com/life/weaving-the-threads-of-filipino-heritage |website=Philippine Tatler |access-date=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="wise">{{cite web |last1=Perez |first1=Tina |title=Puerto Princesa: City in a Forest |url=http://www.mrswise.tk/2017/02/puerto-princesa-city-in-forest.html |website=Mrs. Wise |access-date=13 December 2018 |date=16 February 2017}}</ref> The oldest evidence of weaving traditions are [[Neolithic]] stone tools used for preparing barkcloth found in archeological sites in [[Archaeology of the Philippines|Sagung Cave]] of southern [[Palawan]] and [[Archaeology of the Philippines|Arku Cave]] of [[Peñablanca, Cagayan]]. The latter has been dated to around 1255&ndash;605 BCE.<ref name="natmus">{{cite web |title=Bark-Cloth Beater 
|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Archaeo/Beater.html |website=National Museum Collections |publisher=National Museum of the Philippines |access-date=12 December 2018}}</ref>

Other countries in Southeast Asia have their own extensive history of weaving traditions. Weaving was introduced to Southeast Asia at the same time rice agriculture was introduced from China.<ref name="Novellino">{{cite journal |last1=Novellino |first1=Dario |title=Weaving traditions from Island Southeast Asia: Historical context and ethnobotanical knowledge |journal=IVth International Congress of Ethnobotany |date=2005 |pages=307–316 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330260207}}</ref>  As it was introduced alongside rice farming, weaving is more popular in communities where rice is being farmed as compared to communities that rely on hunting, gathering, and animal farming.<ref name="Novellino" />

Each country has its own distinctive weaving traditions or has absorbed weaving traditions from their neighboring countries. The most common material used for weaving is cotton that is interwoven with threads made of different materials.<ref name="Novellino" /> Brunei is famous for its Jong Sarat, a cloth usually used in traditional weddings, uses silver and gold threads interwoven usually with cotton threads. Similarly, Indonesia has the Songket, also used in traditional weddings, which also utilizes gold and silver wrapped thread to create elaborate designs on their weaved textiles. On the other hand, Cambodia has the Ikat, which utilizes the method of dyeing thunks of thread tied with fiber to create patterns while weaving. In addition to using threads, weavers of  Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam combine silk and other fibers with cotton for weaving. While in Laos, natural materials are used, like roots, tree bark, leaves, flowers, and seeds, but for dyeing the textile that has been already weaved.<ref name="SouteastAsia">{{cite web |title=Silk Weaving in the ASEAN Region. |url=https://www.visitsoutheastasia.travel/activity/silk-weaving-in-the-asean-region/ |website=Southeast Asia |publisher=ASEAN}}</ref> These countries in Southeast Asia have more weaving traditions but these techniques are the popular ones.

To create threads of cotton for weaving, spindle whorls were commonly used in Southeast Asia. It is made from either clay, stone or wood and has a variety of appearances regarding its shape and size. Spindle whorls were said to emerge in Southeast Asia along with expansion of rice agriculture from Yangtse, China. Additionally, its increasing appearance in certain regions of Southeast Asia back then may be also a sign of the enlargement of cotton thread and textile production. Due to its low cost and portability because of its small size, it was favored among rural weaving communities in countries of Southeast Asia.<ref name="Buckley">{{cite journal |last1=Buckley |first1=Christopher |title=The origins of Southeast Asian weaving traditions: The perspective from archaeology |journal=Asian Archaeology |volume=7 |issue=2 |date=August 2023 |pages=151–162 |url=https://pennds.org/archaeobib/files/original/1fa8ccd5f736957d81d069fd66b47454.pdf}}</ref>

Weaved textiles in Southeast Asia are mostly made with looms. The foot brace loom is the earliest loom introduced to Southeast Asia from China, having its first appearance in Vietnam.<ref name="Buckley">{{cite journal |last1=Buckley |first1=Christopher |title=The origins of Southeast Asian weaving traditions: The perspective from archaeology |journal=Asian Archaeology |volume=7 |issue=2 |date=August 2023 |pages=151–162 |url=https://pennds.org/archaeobib/files/original/1fa8ccd5f736957d81d069fd66b47454.pdf}}</ref> Although, it was only used in certain areas of Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, and Cambodia.<ref name="lovms">{{cite journal |last1=Buckley |first1=Christopher |title=Looms, Weaving and the Austronesian Expansion |journal=Spirits and Ships: Cultural Transfers in Early Monsoon Asia |date=2017 |pages=273–324 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9974664}}</ref> Another loom that is widely used across Southeast Asia is the ground level body tension loom, also known as the belt loom, as a part of it needs to be attached to a belt-like strap on the weaver’s waist to control and hold the tension of the warped threads.<ref name="Novellino" /> It is usually operated at the ground level and the weaver is able to control the threads by leaning backwards and forward. The body tension loom was developed from the foot-brace loom to eventually accommodate weaving of larger and wider cloth types.<ref name="lovms">{{cite journal |last1=Buckley |first1=Christopher |title=Looms, Weaving and the Austronesian Expansion |journal=Spirits and Ships: Cultural Transfers in Early Monsoon Asia |date=2017 |pages=273–324 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9974664}}</ref>

<gallery>
Piña-Seda- Pineapple and Silk Cloths from the Philippines 13.jpg|Contemporary Philippines weaver demonstrating pineapple-plant fiber and silk cloths being woven in a traditional loom.
Piña-Seda- Pineapple and Silk Cloths from the Philippines 12.jpg|Pineapple-plant fiber and silk threads being woven in a traditional loom.
USAID Measuring Impact Conservation Enterprise Retrospective (Philippines; Kalahan Educational Foundation) (40246611432).jpg|''[[T'nalak]]'' cloth by [[T'boli people|T'boli]] dream weavers. Like most indigenous pre-colonial Filipino textiles, they were typically made from [[abacá]] fibers.
</gallery>