Editing XOR cipher (section)

=== Notes ===
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{{efn|name=3ways|There are 3 ways of getting a (ciphertext) output bit of 0 from an [[Logical conjunction|AND]] operation:<br />
<nowiki>Plaintext=0, key=0;</nowiki><br />
<nowiki>Plaintext=0, key=1;</nowiki><br />
<nowiki>Plaintext=1, key=0.</nowiki><br />
Therefore, if we know that the ciphertext bit is a 0, there is a 2/3 chance that the plaintext bit was also a 0 for a truly random key. For XOR, there are exactly 2 ways, so the chance is 1/2 (i.e. equally likely, so we cannot learn anything from this information)
}}

{{efn|name=inspired|This was inspired by {{harvnb|Richter|2012}} }}

}}