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Yellow-shouldered amazon
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==Status== [[File:Amazona barbadensis canifrons.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Possible extinct subspecies from Aruba, ''A. b. canifrons'']] Declines in several main land populations have been extensively documented, there are believed to be 2,500–10,000 yellow-shouldered amazons in the wild.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ferrer-Paris|first1=José R|last2=Sánchez-Mercado|first2=Ada|last3=Rodríguez-Clark|first3=Kathryn M.|last4=Rodríguez|first4=Jon Paul|last5=Rodríguez|first5=Gustavo A.|title=Using limited data to detect changes in species distributions: Insights from Amazon parrots in Venezuela|journal=Biological Conservation|date=2014|volume=173|pages=133–143|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.032|bibcode=2014BCons.173..133F |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260082178}}</ref> Due to ongoing habitat lost, small population size, limited range and overhunting for the [[Wildlife trade|pet trade]], the yellow-shouldered amazon is evaluated as [[Near threatened species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species.<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Amazona barbadensis'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T22686325A110628721 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22686325A110628721.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> On La Blanquilla, the main issues are predation by [[Feral cat|feral cats]] and hunting by local [[Fisherman|fishermen]] and Naval personnel.<ref name=":2" /> It is listed on Appendix I of [[CITES]]. Thanks to local surveillance by the Venezuelan [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] Provita, poaching has been significantly lowered in certain areas.<ref name=":3" /> The population on the [[Caribbean]] island of Margarita had been as low as 750 birds in 1989, but thanks to conservation efforts, there were an estimated 2,400 by 2002,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-12-31|title=Threatened Caribbean species and habitats, Venezuela|url=https://whitleyaward.org/winners/threatened-carribean-species-venezuela/|access-date=2022-01-04|website=Whitley Award|language=en-GB}}</ref> although different estimates describe just 2,000 in 2015.<ref name=":1" /> These efforts involved, among other things, the breeding and releasing of captive individuals, which was done with much success in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sanz|first1=Virginia|last2=Grajal|first2=Alejandro|date=1998|title=Successful Reintroduction of Captive-Raised Yellow-Shouldered Amazon Parrots on Margarita Island, Venezuela|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96261.x|journal=Conservation Biology|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|pages=430–441|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96261.x|bibcode=1998ConBi..12..430S |s2cid=85239736 |issn=1523-1739|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
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