Editing 1954 in science (section)

==Medicine==
* February 23 – The first mass vaccination of children against [[polio]] begins, in [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania.
* August 10 – British epidemiologist [[Richard Doll]] submits a study on the risk to workers in [[asbestos]] manufacture of mortality from [[lung cancer]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Richard|last=Doll|title=Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers|journal=British Journal of Industrial Medicine|volume=12|year=1955|issue=6|pages=81–6|doi=10.1136/oem.50.6.485|pmid=8329311|pmc=1035472}}</ref>
* The first [[organ transplant]]s are done in Boston and Paris.
** December 23 – [[Joseph Murray]] at [[Peter Bent Brigham Hospital]] in Boston carries out the first successful [[kidney]] transplant, between identical twins.<ref>{{cite web|title=Donor Of First Successful Organ Transplant Dies 56 Years Later|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/29/donor-in-1st-successful-t_n_802379.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|access-date=March 15, 2011|date=December 29, 2010}}</ref>
* The first of the [[Antipsychotic|anti-psychotic]] [[phenothiazine]] drugs, [[Chlorpromazine]], starts being sold under the trade names ''Thorazine'' (U.S.) and ''Largactil'' (U.K.)
* The [[sucrose gap]] is introduced by Robert Stämpfli for the reliable measurement of [[action potential]] in [[nerve fiber]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Stämpfli|first=R.|title=A new method for measuring membrane potentials with external electrodes|journal=[[Experientia]]|volume=10|pages=508–509|year=1954|doi=10.1007/BF02166189|pmid=14353097|issue=12|s2cid=41384989 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Swiss Contributions to the Neurosciences in Four Hundred Years: From the Renaissance to the Present|first=K.|last=Akert|isbn=978-3728123626|publisher=Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich|date=August 1996}}</ref>