Editing ATACMS (section)

== Versions ==
* '''M39''' (Block I) – missile with [[Inertial navigation system|inertial guidance]]. It carries 950 M74 anti-personnel and anti‑materiel ([[APAM]]<ref name="auto">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKcb4vahEd0C&dq=SLATACMS&pg=PA110 | isbn=978-0-16-054241-1 | title=Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 – H.R. 3230 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs Before the Committee on National Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session: Military Procurement Subcommittee Hearings on Title I – procurement : Hearings Held March 19, 21, 22, 29, 1996 | date=1997 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office }}</ref>) bomblets, each about the size of a baseball<ref name="The New York Times 2023 v108">{{cite web |date=2023-10-17 |title=Ukraine Said to Use ATACMS, a Powerful Weapon System, for First Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/17/world/europe/ukraine-atacms-attacks-russia.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and weighing {{cvt|1.3|lb}},<ref name="FAS M39"/> which are dispersed across a circular area approximately {{convert|677|ft}} in diameter, and effective against parked aircraft, ammunition dumps, air defense systems, and gatherings of personnel, but not against armored vehicles.<ref name="Trevithick Rogoway 2023 y033">{{cite web |last1=Trevithick |first1=Joseph |last2=Rogoway |first2=Tyler |date=2023-10-18 |title=Destruction From Ukraine's First ATACMS Strike Now Apparent |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/destruction-from-ukraines-first-atacms-strike-now-apparent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019014146/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/destruction-from-ukraines-first-atacms-strike-now-apparent |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=The Drive}}</ref> The size of the affected area can be changed by modifying the height at which the payload is released.<ref name="Newdick 2023 m473">{{cite web | last=Newdick | first=Thomas | title=ATACMS Hits Battlefield Ukraine In Spectacular Fashion (Updated) | website=The Drive | date=2023-10-17 | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/atacms-appears-to-have-hit-battlefield-ukraine-in-spectacular-fashion | access-date=2023-10-19}}</ref> Range of Block I is 25–165&nbsp;km (15-100&nbsp;mi).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=2023-10-23}}</ref> The M74 has a reported failure rate of 2%.<ref name="Human Rights Watch 2003 d644">{{cite web | title=U.S. Using Cluster Munitions In Iraq | website=Human Rights Watch | date=2003-04-01 | url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2003/04/01/us-using-cluster-munitions-iraq | access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref>
* '''M39A1''' (Block IA) – missile with GPS-aided guidance. It carries 300 M74 bomblets. There were 610 produced between 1997 and 2003. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, 74 were expended.<ref name="Turner">{{cite web |last1=Engineering Director & Chief Engineer |first1=Paul E. Turner |title=Precision Fires Rocket and Missile Systems |url=https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2016/armament/Turner.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612183506/https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2016/armament/Turner.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=US Army Precision Fires Rocket & Missile Systems Project Office}}</ref><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette">{{cite journal |first=Joe |last=Russo |date=May 2018 |title=Long-Range Precision Fires |url=https://mca-marines.org/wp-content/uploads/0518-Long-Range-Precision-Fires.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Marine Corps Gazette |page=40 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623222155/https://mca-marines.org/wp-content/uploads/0518-Long-Range-Precision-Fires.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 }}</ref> As of 2021, the remaining ones were being updated to M57E1 standard.<ref name="MOD">{{cite web |title=Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) Modification (MOD) |url=https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2018/army/2018atacms.pdf?ver=2019-08-21-155806-710 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623212005/https://www.dote.osd.mil/Portals/97/pub/reports/FY2018/army/2018atacms.pdf?ver=2019-08-21-155806-710 |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=The Office of the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation}}</ref><ref name="Keller">{{cite web |last1=Keller |first1=John |date=30 July 2021 |title=Lockheed Martin to upgrade weapons payloads and navigation and guidance on ATACMS battlefield munitions |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/sensors/article/14207794/munitions-navigation-and-guidance-payloads |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802085218/https://www.militaryaerospace.com/sensors/article/14207794/munitions-navigation-and-guidance-payloads |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 June 2022 |publisher=Military+Aerospace Electronics}}</ref> Range: {{convert|20|–|300|km|mi}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=US-supplied ATACMS enter the Ukraine war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/atacms-us-may-send-ukraine-their-cluster-bomb-payloads-2023-10-19/ |access-date=2023-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140b-m39a1-atacms-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140b m39a1 atacms missile }}</ref>
* '''M39A2''' (Block II) missile used to dispense [[Brilliant Anti-Tank|Brilliant Anti-armour Technology]] (BAT) submunitions. Has the same INS/GPS guidance system as the M39A1 and carries 13 BAT submunitions in the enlarged warhead section.<ref name="cat-uxo.com">{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140c-m39a2-atacms-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140c m39a2 atacms missile }}</ref><ref name="popularmechanics.com"/>
* '''M48''' (Block I/<u>Block 1 Unitary</u>) is a variant of ATACMS Block IA, containing the Quick Reaction Unitary (QRU) warhead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/missiles/mgm-140e-atacms-qru-missile | title=CAT-UXO – MGM 140e atacms qru missile }}</ref> It carries the {{convert|500|lb|kg|adj=on}} WDU-18/B penetrating high explosive blast fragmentation warhead of the Harpoon anti-ship missile, which was packaged into the newly designed WAU-23/B warhead section. There were 176 produced between 2001 and 2004, when production ceased in favor of the M57. Operational since 2002.<ref name="MGM-140 Atacms">{{cite web | url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/469-MGM-140+ATACMS | title=MGM-140 Atacms }}</ref> During Operation Iraqi Freedom, 16 were launched, and a further 42 during [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref name="Turner"/><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette"/> The remaining ones are in the US Army and [[US Marine Corps]]' arsenal. Range: {{convert|70|–|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}.
* '''M57''' (Block IA/Block 1A Quick Reaction Unitary, '''TACMS 2000''' or '''T2K''') – is, in fact, same missile as M48, with production costs reduced by up to $100,000 per missile via the "TACMS 2000" program.<ref name="Lockheed Martin MGM-168 ATACMS Bloc">{{cite web | url=https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-168.html | title=Lockheed Martin MGM-168 ATACMS Block IVA }}</ref> M39A1-based upgraded missile with GPS-aided guidance. It carries the same WAU-23/B warhead section as the M48. There were 513 produced between 2004 and 2013.<ref name="Turner"/><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette"/>  Accuracy is {{cvt|9|m|ft}} [[Circular error probable|CEP]] (Circular Error Probable). Range: {{convert|70|–|300|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pincoski|first=Mark|title=Precision Guided Missiles and Rockets Program Review|date=24 April 2007|work=Precision Strike Annual Programs Review|publisher=US Army Precision Fires Rocket & Missile Systems unit- Redstone Arsenal|access-date=28 July 2022|url=https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2007/psa_apr/pincoski.pdf|archive-date=29 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729034349/https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2007/psa_apr/pincoski.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''M57E1'' ('''ATACMS MOD''' or '''MOD''' [modification, modified]) – upgraded M39 and M39A1 with re-grained motor, updated navigation and guidance software and hardware, and a WAU-23/B warhead section instead of the M74 bomblets. This variant includes a proximity sensor for [[Air burst|airburst]] detonation.<ref name="MOD"/> Production commenced in 2017 with an initial order for 220.<ref name="Turner"/><ref name="Marine Corps Gazette"/>
* '''NATACMS''' – a ship-launched ATACMS variant for the U.S. Navy, was under development in the 1990s and was tested twice in early 1995: first from the ground at the [[White Sands Missile Range]], and then from the flight deck of {{USS|Mount Vernon|LSD-39}} using a modified Army [[M270]] tracked vehicle at a target 75 [[nautical mile]]s (86&nbsp;mi) distant on [[San Clemente Island]] off [[Southern California]]. The last testing missile carried 730 Mk 74 (probably meaning [[#Notes|M74]] munition) submunitions. Despite all test objectives being met, or even exceeded, development was later cancelled for unknown reasons.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sains.sindonews.com/read/1248849/768/spesifikasi-rudal-balistik-mgm-140-atacms-yang-bikin-rusia-ketar-ketir-1699672273/10 | title=Spesifikasi Rudal Balistik MGM-140 ATACMS yang Bikin Rusia Ketar-ketir }}</ref><ref name="Lockheed Martin MGM-140 ATACMS">{{cite web | url=https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-140.html | title=Lockheed Martin MGM-140 ATACMS }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=T. Morgan |first=Clarence |date=October 1996 |title=The Fix Is In: Fire Support Returns |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1996/october/fix-fire-support-returns |website=usni.org}}</ref>
* '''SLATACMS''' – A projected Sea-Launched ATACMS variant of the Army Block IA missile for undersea operations with a maximum launch depth limit of 175 feet, identical warhead,<ref name="auto1">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-quiY-lIbSoC&dq=Sea+Launch+ATACMS&pg=PA132 | title=Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997 and the Future Years Defense Program: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, on S. 1745, Authorizing Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1997 for Military Activities of the Department of Defense, for Military Construction, and for Defense Activities of the Department of Energy, to Prescribe Personnel Strengths for Such Fiscal Year for the Armed Forces, and for Other Purposes | date=1997 | publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office }}</ref> same diameter and only dimensional changes of length from 156.5" to 199", for fins to be folded within a smaller envelope and the addition of a fin module, which had to be jettisoned after broach and before motor ignition, behind the boattail for stability during underwater flight, – to fit primarily within the most advanced (688i, FLTIII/Flight III) design of [[Los Angeles-class]] [[submarine]] [[vertical launching system]] (VLS) capsules, having 12 of such ones onboard. Its history began when [[USN]] Strategic System Program Office authorized a study in June 1995<ref name="auto1"/> to evaluate undersea [[cold launch]] capability of MGM-140A from submarines. However, on the Hearings on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 held on March, 1996, become known that [[USN]] plan to use not only APAM but also a BAT (Brilliant Anti-Tank) munitions payload,<ref name="auto"/> and when [[Lockheed Martin]] presented SLATACMS press-release at August, 1996, there was already described Block IA missile as a base modification specimen for the SLATACMS. Choosing a submarine VLS as the appropriate launcher, that was designed by default for [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk]] missile, which have ~x1,5 length of SLATACMS, exclusively, had led to the creation of a unique combined missile and launch capsule as an all-up-round (AUR) or SLATACMS AUR, which with SLATACMS inside fits the submarine's Tomahawk-designed VLS.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Laughlin |first1=J.P. |last2=Brooks |first2=W.B. |title=Adaption of the Army Tactical Missile System to Undersea Operations |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA318774.pdf |website=apps.dtic.mil |publisher=[[Lockheed Martin]] |access-date=27 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803062611/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA318774.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2023 |date=2 December 1956 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Comparison ===
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Specifications{{r|Janes-ATACMS|Telegraph-ATACMS}}
|-
!
! style="width:10em;" | M39 Block I
! style="width:10em;" | M39A1 Block I
! style="width:10em;" | M48 QRU
! style="width:10em;" | M57 Block IA Unitary
|-
! Mass
|  {{cvt|1667|kg|lb}}
|  {{cvt|1318|kg|lb}} (est)
|  Unknown
|  Unknown
|-
! Length
| colspan=4 | {{cvt|3.975|m|ftin}}
|-
! Diameter
| colspan=4 | {{cvt|610|mm|in}}
|-
! [[Missile guidance|Guidance<br/>type]]
|  [[Inertial navigation system|INS]]
| colspan=3  | [[GPS]] aided [[Inertial navigation system|INS]]
|-
! Warhead
|  950 x M74 bomblets{{refn|group=note|
The '''M74 APAM (Anti‐Personnel Anti‐Matériel) bomblet''' weighs {{cvt|590|g|oz}} and is {{cvt|58.9|mm|in}} in diameter. It has a [[Composition B]] High‐Explosive shaped charge. It is initiated by an M219A1E1 fuze with a booster pellet which also creates an incendiary effect, and is surrounded by a tungsten fragmenting wall.{{r|Janes-ATACMS}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/submunitions/m74-submunition | title=CAT-UXO – M74 submunition }}</ref>}}
|  300 x M74 bomblets
| colspan=2  | WAU-23/B unitary warhead
|-
! Warhead<br/>weight
|  {{cvt|591|kg|lb}}
|  {{cvt|174|kg|lb}}
| colspan=2 | {{cvt|214|kg|lb}}
|-
! [[Fuze]]
| colspan=2 | M74 APAM bomblets each initiated by an M219A1E1 fuze
|  FMU 141/B point detonating fuze
|  Tri-mode (point detonating, proximity, and delay) fuze
|-
! Motor
| colspan=4 | [[Solid-propellant rocket]] motor
|-
! Max speed
|  {{cvt|3|Mach|m/sec ft/sec}}
|  Unknown
|  Unknown
|  Unknown
|-
! Min range
|  {{cvt|25|km|mi}}
| colspan=3  | {{cvt|70|km|mi}}
|-
! Max range
|  {{cvt|165|km|mi}}
|  {{cvt|300|km|mi}}
|  {{cvt|270|km|mi}}
|  {{cvt|300|km|mi}}
|}