Editing Allopatric speciation (section)

=== Microallopatric ===
[[File:Female Cobalt Blue Zebra Cichlid.JPG|right|thumb|upright|A female [[Maylandia callainos|cobalt blue zebra cichlid]]]]
Microallopatry refers to allopatric speciation occurring on a small geographic scale.<ref name="BMFetal">{{Citation |title=What, if anything, is sympatric speciation? | author=B. M. Fitzpatrick| author2=A. A. Fordyce| author3= S. Gavrilets | journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology | year=2008 | volume=21 | issue=6| pages=1452–1459 | doi=10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01611.x | pmid=18823452| s2cid=8721116| doi-access=free }}</ref> Examples of microallopatric speciation in nature have been described. Rico and Turner found [[intralacustrine]] allopatric divergence of ''[[Maylandia callainos|Pseudotropheus callainos]]'' (''Maylandia callainos'') within [[Lake Malawi]] separated only by 35 meters.<ref>{{Citation |title=Extreme microallopatric divergence in a cichlid species from Lake Malawi | author=C. Rico | author2=G. F. Turner | journal=Molecular Ecology | year=2002 | volume=11 | issue=8 | pages=1585–1590 | doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01537.x | pmid=12144678 | bibcode=2002MolEc..11.1585R | hdl=10261/59425 | s2cid=16543963 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> [[Gustave Paulay]] found evidence that species in the subfamily [[Cryptorhynchinae]] have microallopatrically speciated on [[Rapa Iti|Rapa]] and its surrounding [[islet]]s.<ref>{{Citation |title=Adaptive radiation on an isolated oceanic island: the Cryptorhynchinae (Curculionidae)of Rapa revisited | author=Gustav Paulay | journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society | year=1985 | volume=26 | issue=2 | pages=95–187 | doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb01554.x | doi-access=free }}</ref> A sympatrically distributed triplet of [[Dytiscidae|diving beetle]] (''[[Paroster]]'') species [[Stygofauna|living in aquifers]] of Australia's [[Yilgarn craton|Yilgarn]] region have likely speciated microallopatrically within a 3.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> area.<ref>{{Citation |title=Fine-scale comparative phylogeography of a sympatric sister species triplet of subterranean diving beetles from a single calcrete aquifer in Western Australia | author=M. T. Guzik| author2=S. J. B. Cooper| author3= W. F. Humphreys| author4= A. D. Austin | journal=Molecular Ecology | year=2009 | volume=18 | issue=17| pages=3683–3698 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04296.x | pmid=19674311| bibcode=2009MolEc..18.3683G| s2cid=25821896}}</ref> The term was originally proposed by [[Hobart Muir Smith|Hobart M. Smith]] to describe a level of geographic resolution. A sympatric population may exist in low resolution, whereas viewed with a higher resolution (''i.e.'' on a small, localized scale within the population) it is "microallopatric".<ref>{{Citation |title=More Evolutionary Terms | author=Hobart M. Smith | journal=Systematic Biology | year=1965 | volume=14 | issue=1 | pages=57–58 | doi=10.2307/2411904| jstor=2411904 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Ben Fitzpatrick and colleagues contend that this original definition, "is misleading because it confuses geographical and ecological concepts".<ref name="BMFetal"/>