Editing Automatic writing (section)

===Scientific studies===

In an 1890 paper on hypnotism, [[Morton Prince]] claims, "automatic writing is not a purely unconscious reflex act, but, the product of conscious individuality," and further claims that the hand that is writing is under the control of a separate hypnotic personality during trances.<ref name="Prince1"/><ref name="Prince2"/> Physician [[Charles Arthur Mercier]], in the ''[[British Medical Journal]]'' (1894), criticized the spiritualist interpretation of automatic writing, concluding, "there is no need nor room for the agency of spirits, and the invocation of such agency is the sign of a mind not merely unscientific, but uninformed."<ref name="Mercier"/>

Psychology professor [[Théodore Flournoy]] investigated the claim by nineteenth-century medium [[Hélène Smith]] (Catherine Müller) that she did automatic writing to convey messages from [[Mars]] in Martian language. Flournoy concluded that her "Martian" language had a strong resemblance to Ms. Smith's native language of French and that her automatic writing was "romances of the subliminal imagination, derived largely from forgotten sources (for example, books read as a child)." He invented the term [[cryptomnesia]] to describe this phenomenon.<ref name="Randi1"/>

In 1927, psychiatrist [[Harold Dearden]] wrote that automatic writing is a psychological method of "tapping" the unconscious mind and that there is nothing mysterious about it.<ref name="Deardon"/>

In 1986, A.B. Joseph investigated two female patients who were found to exhibit [[ictal]] [[hypergraphia]].<ref name="Joseph"/>

Automatic writing behavior was discovered by Dilek Evyapan and Emre Kumral in three patients with [[Cerebral hemisphere|right hemispheric]] damage.<ref name="Dilek"/>

A 2012 study of ten [[psychograph]]ers using [[single photon emission computed tomography]] showed differences in brain activity and writing complexity during alleged trance states vs. normal state writing.<ref name="PECT"/>