Editing Awadhi language (section)

====Bhaktīkāvyas====
The most important work, probably in any modern [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan language]], came from the poet-saint [[Tulsidas]] in the form of ''[[Ramcharitmanas]]'' (1575 C.E.) or "The Lake of the Deeds of [[Rama]]", written in [[Doha (poetry)|doha]]-[[Chaupai (poetry)|chaupai]] [[Metre (poetry)|metre]]. Its plot is mostly derivative, either from the original ''[[Ramayana|Rāmāyaṇa]]'' by [[Valmiki]] or from the ''[[Adhyatma Ramayana|Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa]]'', both of which are in [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Saxena|1971|pp=11–12}}</ref> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] had acclaimed the ''Ramcharitmanas'' as "the greatest book of all devotional literature" while western observers have christened it as "the Bible of [[Northern India]]".<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Lutgendorf|1991|p=1}}</ref> It is sometimes synonymously referred as 'Tulsidas Ramayana' or simply 'the Ramayana'.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Lutgendorf|1991|p=12}}—Since the Ramcaritmanas is a text in the Ramayana tradition, for which the Sanskrit epic of Valmiki is the accepted archetype, it is commonly referred to simply as "the Ramayan" and many popular editions bear only this name on their spine and cover, perhaps adding above it in small print: "composed by Goswami Tulsidas".</ref>
{{multiple image
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| header = Illustrations to the [[Ramcharitmanas]] of [[Tulsidas]]
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| image1 = 5_Illustration_from_the_Ramcharitmanas_of_Tulsidas_(1532–1623)_Jodhpur,_c._1775;_62.7_x_134.5_cm_Mehrangarh_Museum_Trust.jpg
| image2 = 7 Rama's Army reaches Lanka from the Ram Charit Artist Unknown, ca. 1780, 63x125.8cm Mehrangarh Museum Trust.jpg
| footer = (a) Death of Vali: [[Rama]] and [[Lakshmana]] Wait Out the Monsoon, (b) Rama's Army Crossing the Ocean to Lanka.
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[[Tulsidas]]'s compositions ''[[Hanuman Chalisa]]'',<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MX1SDwAAQBAJ&q=awadhi&pg=PT151|title=Hanuman Chalisa: Verse by Verse Description|last=Padam|first=Sandeep|date=21 March 2018|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-1-64249-611-6|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFE4DwAAQBAJ&q=hanuman+chalisa+awadhi&pg=PA42|title=Lucknow Poetica|last=Shamim|first=Dr Rupali Saran Mirza Dr and Amna|date=14 November 2016|publisher=Idea Publishing|page=42|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tlduDwAAQBAJ&q=hanuman+chalisa+awadhi&pg=PA11|title=Sri Hanuman Chalisa: Commentary on the Praises to the Eternal Servant|last=Vishwananda|first=Paramahamsa Sri Swami|date=13 March 2018|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand|isbn=978-3-96343-015-2|page=11|language=en}}</ref> ''Pārvatī Maṅgala'' and ''Jānakī Maṅgala'' are also written in Awadhi.<ref name="Saxena 1971 12">{{Harvcoltxt|Saxena|1971|p=12}}</ref>

{{Verse translation|lang=awa|अंडकोस प्रति प्रति निज रूपा।
देखेउँ जिनस अनेक अनूपा॥
<u>अवधपुरी</u> प्रति भुअन निनारी।
<u>सरजू</u> भिन्न भिन्न नर नारी॥|In each universe I saw my own self,
As well as many an object beyond compare;
Each universe had its own <u>Ayodhya</u>,
With its own <u>Saryu</u> and its own men and women.|italicsoff=y|attr1=[[Tulsidas]], 7.81.3 chaupai, [[Ramcharitmanas]]|attr2=Translation by R.C Prasad<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Tulasīdāsa|1999|p=747}}</ref>}}
{{Verse translation|lang=awa|सिंधु तीर एक भूधर सुंदर।
कौतुक कूदि चढ़ेउ ता-ऊपर॥
बार-बार रघुबीर सँभारी।
तरकेउ <u>पवनतनय</u> बल भारी॥|On the sea-shore there was a mountain lovely,
He hopped to its peak sportively;
Over and again, the Lord he did recall
And the <u>Son of Wind </u>darted with energy no small.|italicsoff=y|attr1=[[Tulsidas]], 5.1.3 chaupai, [[Ramcharitmanas]]|attr2=Translation<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=I. Panduranga|date=1998|title=Review of The Beautiful Verses (Ram-Charit Manas, "Sunder-Kand" and Hanuman Chalisa of Goswami Tulsidas rendered into English verse)|journal=Indian Literature|volume=41|issue=1 (183)|pages=240–241|issn=0019-5804|jstor=23341337}}</ref>}}

The first Hindi vernacular adaptation of the 'Dasam Skandha' of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', the "Haricharit" by Lalachdas, who hailed from Hastigram (present-day Hathgaon near [[Raebareli district|Rae Bareilly]]), was concluded in 1530 C.E. It circulated widely for a long time and scores of manuscript copies of the text have been found as far as eastern Uttar Pradesh and [[Bihar]], [[Malwa]] and [[Gujarat]], all written in the [[Kaithi]] script.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Orsini|2014|p=200}}—"That Brahmin ''kathavachaks'' were not the only tellers of the story is proved by the first Hindi vernacular adaptation of the Dasam Skandha, the Haricharit in the Chaupai Doha by Lalach Kavi, a ''Kayastha'' from "Hastigram" (present-day Hathgaon) near Rae Bareilly, concluded in 1530 (VS1587)."</ref>

''Satyavatī'' (ca. 1501) of Ishvaradas (of Delhi) under the reign of [[Sikandar Lodi|Sikander Lodi]] and ''Avadhabilāsa'' (1700 C.E.) of Laladas were also written in Awadhi.

Awadhi appeared as a major component in the works of ''Bhakti'' saints like [[Kabir]], who used a language often described as being a ''pancmel khicṛī'' or "a hotch-potch" of several vernaculars.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Vaudeville|1990|p=260}}–The first editor of the ''Kabir Granthavali'', S.S Das, also stresses the composite character of Kabir's language, giving examples in his introduction, of ''vanis'' composed in Khariboli (i.e. Standard Hindi), Rajasthani, and Panjabi, besides Awadhi.</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Vaudeville|1990|p=264}}–Among the dialects or languages "melted" in the Hindavi language, the most important is Avadhi, mentioned above. The language of Kabir himself an Easterner, retains old Eastern forms, especially the old Avadhi forms.</ref> The language of [[Kabir]]'s major work ''[[Bijak]]'' is primarily Awadhi.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Vaudeville|1990|p=260}}–Chaturvedi has shown that the same ''pada'' may be found with more characteristic Avadhi forms in the ''Bijak'', with more Khari-boli in the Guru Granth and with Braj forms in the Kabir Granthavali.</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Vaudeville|1990|p=259}}–According to Grierson, however, there is not a single word typical of the Bhojpuri language in the Bijak. According to him, the basic language of the Bijak is old Avadhi...</ref>