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Bashkir language
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===Consonants=== {| class="wikitable" |+caption | '''The consonants of Bashkir'''<ref name="Berta" /> |- ! colspan="2"| ! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] ! [[Labiodental consonant|Labio-<br />dental]] ! [[Dental consonant|Dental]] ![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! [[Postalveolar|Post-<br />alveolar]]/<br>[[Palatal]] ! [[Velar consonant|Velar]] ! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]] ! [[glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- align=center ! colspan="2"|[[Nasal stop|Nasals]] | '''м'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''m'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|m}} | | colspan="2" | '''н'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''n'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|n̪|n}} | | '''ң'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ñ'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ŋ}} | '''ң'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ñ'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|ɴ}}{{Ref|allophone|²}} | |- align=center ! rowspan="2"| [[Plosive consonant|Plosives]] ! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|Voiceless]]</small> | '''п'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''p'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|p}} | | colspan="2" | '''т'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''t'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|t̪|t}} |'''к'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''k'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|c}}{{Ref|allophone|²}} | '''к'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''k'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|k}} | '''ҡ'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''q'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|q}} | '''ь'''/'''ъ'''<br />{{IPAslink|ʔ}}{{ref|loan|¹}} |- align="center" ! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]</small> | '''б'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''b'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|b}} | | colspan="2" | '''д'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''d'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|d̪|d}} |'''г'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''g'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|ɟ}}{{Ref|allophone|²}} | '''г'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''g'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ɡ}} | | |- align="center" ! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative]]s ! <small>Voiceless</small> | |'''ф'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''f'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|f}}{{Ref|loan|¹}} | '''ç'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ś'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|θ}} |'''с'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''s'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|s̪|s}} |'''ш'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ş'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ʃ}} | | '''х'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''x'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|χ}} | '''һ'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''h'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|h}} |- align="center" ! <small>Voiced</small> | '''б'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''b'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|β}}{{Ref|allophone|²}} |'''в'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''v'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|v}}{{Ref|loan|¹}} | '''ҙ'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ź'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ð}} |'''з'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''z'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|z}} |'''ж'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''j'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ʒ}} | | '''ғ'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ğ'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ʁ}} | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]] | | | |'''р'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''r'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|r}} | | | | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximants]] | | | |'''л'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''l'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|l}} |'''й'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''y'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|j}} |'''у'''/'''ү'''/'''в'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''w'''⟩<br />{{IPA|/{{IPA link|w}}~{{IPA link|ɥ}}/}} | | |} ;Notes :{{note|loan|¹}} The phonemes {{IPAslink|f}}, {{IPAslink|v}}, {{IPAslink|ʔ}} are found only in loanwords, and, in the case of {{IPAslink|ʔ}}, in a few native onomatopoeic words. :{{Note|allophone|²}} {{IPAblink|β}} is an [[Intervocalic consonant|intervocal]] allophone of {{IPAblink|b}}, and it is distinct from {{IPAblink|w}}. {{IPAblink|ɴ}} is an allophone of {{IPAblink|ŋ}} in back vowel contexts. {{IPAblink|c}} and {{IPAblink|ɟ}} occur as allophones of {{IPAblink|k}} and {{IPAblink|g}} before {{IPAblink|e}}, and both occur only in front vowel contexts. * {{IPA|/θ, ð/}} are dental {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|θ}}, {{IPAplink|ð}}]}}, and {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is apical alveolar {{IPAblink|ɾ}}. The exact place of articulation of the other dental/alveolar consonants is unclear.
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