Editing Blinded experiment (section)

===Significance===
Bias due to poor blinding tends to favor the experimental group, resulting in inflated effect size and risk of [[type I error|false positives]].<ref name=":0" /> Success or failure of blinding is rarely reported or measured; it is implicitly assumed that experiments reported as "blind" are truly blind.<ref name=Bello2014 /> Critics have pointed out that without assessment and reporting, there is no way to know if a blind succeeded. This shortcoming is especially concerning given that even a small error in blinding can produce a [[statistical significance|statistically significant]] result in the absence of any real difference between test groups when a study is sufficiently [[Power (statistics)|powered]] (i.e. statistical significance is not robust to bias). As such, many statistically significant results in [[randomized controlled trial]]s may be caused by error in blinding.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Siegfried |first1=Tom |title=Odds are, it's wrong: Science fails to face the shortcomings of statistics |journal=Science News |date=2010 |volume=177 |issue=7 |pages=26–29 |doi=10.1002/scin.5591770721 |language=en |issn=1943-0930}}</ref> Some researchers have called for the mandatory assessment of blinding efficacy in clinical trials.<ref name=Kolahi2009 />