Editing Buick V8 engine (section)

==Big-block==
Buick introduced its "Big Block" V8 in 1967 to replace the largest displacement Nailheads. It retained the {{cvt|4.75|in|mm|1}} cylinder bore spacing and was produced in three displacements: 400, 430, and 455 cubic inches. Production continued through 1976.

==={{anchor|399.95}} 400===
The {{cvt|399.95|CID|cc|0}} big-block V8 was produced from 1967-1969. This engine has a bore and a stroke of {{cvt|4.04x3.9|in|mm|1}}. It was the only large V8 engine available for the intermediate-sized [[GM A platform|A-body]] Buicks due to the GM cubic inch limit restriction in effect through 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://musclecarsdays.com/7-fastest-cars-1970s/|website=Muscle Cars Days.com|title=7 fastest cars 1970s|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Most parts except the pistons interchange with the 430 and 455. This 400 engine had the distributor towards the front of the engine, as opposed to the 401/400 nailhead, which had its near the firewall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.teambuick.com/reference/ident_eng_visual.php|website=Team Buick.com|title=Visually Identifying a 1960's or '70's GM engine|first=Bob K.|last=Mando|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>

===430===
[[File:07-1968 Wildcat Custom - Engine.jpg|thumb|upright|1968 Wildcat 430 CID engine]]
The {{convert|430|CID|L|1|adj=on}} was only produced from 1967 until 1969. This engine had a bore and a stroke of {{cvt|4.1875x3.9|in|mm}}. The 430 four-barrel engine was rated at {{cvt|360|hp|kW|0}} and {{cvt|475|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque. This engine was used in large [[GM B platform|B-]], [[GM C platform (RWD)|C-]] and [[GM E platform|E-body]] Buicks. Most parts except the pistons interchange with the 400 and 455.

Applications:
*1967-1969 [[Buick Electra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conceptcarz.com/z19015/buick-electra-225.aspx|title=1967 Buick Electra 225|website=Conceptcarz.com|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
*1967-1969 [[Buick Riviera]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conceptcarz.com/z24029/buick-riviera.aspx|title=1967 Buick Riviera|website=Conceptcarz.com|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
*1967-1969 [[Buick Wildcat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z12816/buick-wildcat.aspx|title=1969 Buick Wildcat|website=Conceptcarz.com|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
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===455===
[[File:Buick 455 V8.JPG|right|thumb|Buick 455 V8]]
[[File:Buick 455 Stage I Engine.JPG|thumb|455 Stage I engine]]
The 400-based 455 was produced from 1970–1976, with a [[Bore (engine)|bore]] x [[Stroke (engine)|stroke]] of {{cvt|4.31x3.9|in|mm|1}} for an overall displacement of {{cvt|7459|cc|CID L cc|1|adj=ri0|order=out}}. Most parts (except [[piston]]s and heads) interchange between the 400 and the 430. The base model was rated at {{cvt|350|hp|kW|0}}, while the [[Buick Gran Sport#Gran Sport 455|455 Stage 1]] equipped with a single 4-barrel [[Rochester Products Division|Rochester]] [[Quadrajet]] [[carburetor]] was rated at {{cvt|360|hp|kW|0}} at 4600&nbsp;rpm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1970/85430/buick_gsx_stage-1_sport_coupe_4-speed.html|website=automobile-catalog|title=1970 Buick GSX Stage-1 Sport Coupe 4-speed|access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.myclassicgarage.com/knowledge-base/1970-Buick-GS
|website=MyClassicGarage.com
|title=1970 Buick GS
|access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref> The regular 455 produced a rated {{cvt|510|lbft|0}} of [[Torque#Machine torque|torque]] at 2,800&nbsp;rpm, more than any other [[muscle car]] engine. The horsepower was somewhat reduced in 1971 mainly due to the reduction in [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] [[compression ratio]], a change which was mandated by [[General Motors|GM]] in order to cope with the introduction of new federal laws which would require new cars to use low [[octane]] [[gasoline]] in an effort to reduce [[Exhaust gas|exhaust emissions]]. Then, starting in 1972, the horsepower rating on paper would be reduced again due to a shift from [[Horsepower#SAE gross power|SAE gross]] to [[Horsepower#SAE net power|SAE net]], down to approximately {{cvt|250|hp|kW|0}}. Unleaded gasoline and [[catalytic converter]]s came into play in 1975 for all US manufactured cars. Tightening [[Vehicle emissions control|emissions controls]] would cause the engine to drop in power still further, a little at a time, through 1976.

The 455 was one of the first "thin-wall casting" engine blocks at GM, and because of this<ref name="Inside455">{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/gm-455-cubic-inch-big-bloc-726346|website=ThoughtCo.com|title=Inside the 455 Cubic Inch Big Block from General Motors|first=Mark|last=Gittelman|date=24 December 2018|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> advance in production technology, it weighs significantly less than other engines of comparable size (for example, {{cvt|150|lb|kg}} less than a [[Chevrolet Big-Block engine#454 2|Chevrolet 454]]<ref name="Inside455"/> and only {{cvt|25|lb|kg}} more than a [[Chevrolet small-block engine#350|Chevrolet 350]]).{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

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Applications:
*1970-1976 [[Buick Electra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conceptcarz.com/z25377/buick-electra.aspx|title=1976 Buick Electra|website=Conceptcarz.com|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
*1970-1976 [[Buick Estate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1972/159380/buick_estate_wagon_455-4_v-8_dual_exhaust.html|title=1972 Buick Estate Wagon 455-4 V-8 dual exhaust|website=Automobile-catalog.com|editor-first=Pawel |editor-last=Zal|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
*1970-1976 [[Buick LeSabre]]<ref name="LeSabre"/>
*1970-1976 [[Buick Riviera]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z13844/buick-riviera.aspx|title=1973 Buick Riviera|website=Conceptcarz.com|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
*1970-1972 [[Buick Skylark]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z9898/buick-skylark.aspx|title=1970 Buick Skylark|website=Conceptcarz.com|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
*1970 [[Buick Wildcat]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1970/90800/buick_wildcat_custom_sport_coupe.html|title=1970 Buick Wildcat Custom Sport Coupe|website=Automobile-catalog.com|editor-first=Pawel |editor-last=Zal|access-date=28 February 2019}}</ref>
*1971-1973 [[Buick Centurion]]<ref name="Centurion"/>
*1973-1974 [[Buick Century#Third generation (1973–1977)|Buick Century]]<ref name="Century"/>
*1973-1974 [[Buick Gran Sport#Century GS / Century GS Stage 1|Buick Gran Sport]]<ref name="Century"/>
*1973-1974 [[Buick Regal#First generation (1973)|Buick Regal]]<ref name="Regal"/>
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