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Bush Doctrine
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===Neoconservatives=== The development of the doctrine was influenced by neoconservative ideology,<ref name="change">{{cite web |url=http://www.aup.edu/pdf/WPSeries/AUP_wp61-WilliamsSchmidt.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616020328/http://www.aup.edu/pdf/WPSeries/AUP_wp61-WilliamsSchmidt.pdf |archive-date=June 16, 2010 |title=The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists |first=Brian C. |last=Schmidt |author2=Michael C. Williams |publisher=Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the British International Studies Association |location=Cambridge, UK |date=December 17–19, 2007 }}</ref><ref name="PNACSOP" /> and it was considered to be a step from the [[political realism]] of the [[Reagan Doctrine]].<ref name="change" /><ref name="notdead" /> The Reagan Doctrine was considered key to American foreign policy until the end of the Cold War, just before [[Bill Clinton]] became president. The Reagan Doctrine was considered [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] and in opposition to Soviet global influence, but later spoke of a [[peace dividend]] towards the end of the Cold War with economic benefits of a decrease in [[Military budget of the United States|defense spending]]. The Reagan Doctrine was strongly criticized<ref name="notdead">{{cite news |url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/federation/feature/?id=110008830 |title=Is the Bush Doctrine Dead? |first=Norman |last=Podhoretz |author-link=Norman Podhoretz |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=August 23, 2006|access-date=2008-09-16}}</ref><ref name="reagananguish">{{cite news |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20810FB3D5C0C718CDDAC0894DA484D81 |first=Norman |last=Podhoretz |author-link=Norman Podhoretz |title=The Neoconservative Anguish over Reagan's Foreign Policy |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |date=May 2, 1982|access-date=2008-09-14}}</ref><ref name="reagandente">{{cite journal |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/1985-02-01/first-term-reagan-road-d-tente |title=The First Term: The Reagan Road to Détente |first=Norman |last=Podhoretz |author-link=Norman Podhoretz |journal=[[Foreign Affairs]] |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|volume=63 |issue=3 |date=1984 |access-date=2008-09-15|url-access=subscription |doi=10.2307/20042267 |jstor=20042267 }}</ref> by neoconservatives, who also became disgruntled with the outcome of the [[Gulf War]]<ref name="change" /><ref name="PNACSOP" /> and U.S. foreign policy under Clinton,<ref name="PNACSOP" /><ref name="order">{{cite book |first=Stefan|last=Halper|author-link=Stefan Halper|author2=Jonathan Clarke |title=America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order|url=https://archive.org/details/americaaloneneoc00halp|url-access=registration|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-67460-7}}</ref> sparking them to call for change towards global stability<ref name="PNACSOP" /><ref name=Copeland2000>{{cite book|first=Dale C. |last=Copeland|title=The Origins of Major War |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofmajorwa00cope |url-access=registration |location=Ithaca, NY |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=0-8014-8757-9}}</ref> through their support for active intervention and the [[democratic peace theory]].<ref name="order" /> Several central persons in the counsel to the Bush administration considered themselves to be neoconservatives or [[Project for the New American Century#Persons associated with the PNAC|strongly support their foreign policy ideas]].<ref name="PNACSOP">{{cite web |url=http://newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020407145529/http://www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm |archive-date=2002-04-07 |title=PNAC Statement of Principles |author-link=Elliott Abrams |first=Elliot |last=Abrams |date=1997-06-03 |publisher=[[Project for the New American Century]] |access-date=2008-09-16 |url-status=usurped |display-authors=etal }}</ref><ref name="Boyer">{{cite magazine|first=Peter J. |url=http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/041101fa_fact |title=The Believer: Paul Wolfowitz Defends His War|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=November 1, 2004|access-date=2007-06-20|last=Boyer}}</ref><ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |first=John|last=Cassidy|author-link=John Cassidy (journalist) |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/04/09/070409fa_fact_cassidy |access-date=2007-05-07 |title=The Next Crusade: Paul Wolfowitz at the World Bank |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=April 9, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Goodman">Cf. [[Amy Goodman]], [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/03/17/1442215 "Bush Names Iraq War Architect Paul Wolfowitz to Head World Bank"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115053453/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F03%2F17%2F1442215 |date=2007-11-15 }}, transcript, ''[[Democracy Now!]]'', March 17, 2005, accessed May 17, 2007.</ref><ref name="Warde">Cf. Ibrahim Warde, [http://www.spokesmanbooks.com/Spokesman/PDF/spk%2082%20Pages%20016%20to%20022.pdf "Iraq: Looter's License"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307042733/http://www.spokesmanbooks.com/Spokesman/PDF/spk%2082%20Pages%20016%20to%20022.pdf |date=2008-03-07 }}, 16–22 in ''[http://www.coronetbooks.com/books/a/amer6915.htm America's Gulag]: Full Spectrum Dominance Versus Universal Human Rights'', ed. [[Ken Coates]] (London: Spokesman Books, 2004), {{ISBN|0-85124-691-5}}.</ref><ref name="steigerwald">{{cite news |url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_196286.html |title=So, what is a 'neocon'? |first=Bill |last=Steigerwald |work=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]] |date=May 29, 2004 |access-date=2008-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215135620/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_196286.html |archive-date=February 15, 2009 }}</ref> Neoconservatives are widely known to long have supported the overthrow of [[Saddam Hussein]] in Iraq, and on January 26, 1998, the [[Project for the New American Century]] (PNAC) sent a public letter to then-President Clinton stating: {{quote|As a result, in the not-too-distant future we will be unable to determine with any reasonable level of confidence whether Iraq does or does not possess such weapons. Such uncertainty will, by itself, have a seriously destabilizing effect on the entire Middle East. It hardly needs to be added that if Saddam does acquire the capability to deliver weapons of mass destruction, as he is almost certain to do if we continue along the present course, the safety of American troops in the region, of our friends and allies like Israel and the moderate Arab states, and a significant portion of the world's supply of oil will all be put at hazard. As you have rightly declared, Mr. President, the security of the world in the first part of the 21st century will be determined largely by how we handle this threat.}} Among the signatories to PNAC's original statement of Principals is George H. W. Bush's Vice President [[Dan Quayle]], Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Cheney, and George W. Bush's brother [[Jeb Bush]].<ref name="PNACSOP" /> PNAC member and the chairman of the [[Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee]] (DPBAC), neoconservative Richard Perle, later expressed [[Richard Perle#Iraq policy and Bush criticism|regret over the invasion of Iraq]] and ultimately put the blame for the invasion on Bush.<ref name="neostab">{{cite news |title=Neocons turn on Bush for incompetence over Iraq war |url=https://www.theguardian.com/Iraq/Story/0,,1939471,00.html |work=The Guardian | first=Julian |last=Borger |date=November 4, 2006 |location=London}}</ref> Other Bush cabinet members who are thought to have adopted neoconservative foreign policy thinking include Cheney and Rice.<ref name="neoconverg" /> The Bush Doctrine, in line with long-standing neoconservative ideas, held that the United States is entangled in a global war of ideas between the western values of freedom on the one hand, and extremism seeking to destroy them on the other; a war of ideology where the U.S. must take responsibility for security and show leadership in the world by actively seeking out the enemies and also change those countries who are supporting enemies.<ref name="kaufmandef" /><ref name="infowaridea" /><ref name="winwter" /><ref name="podhoretzpraise">{{cite journal |url=http://www.ourjerusalem.com/opinion/story/opinion20020904a.html |title=In Praise of the Bush Doctrine |first=Norman |last=Podhoretz |author-link=Norman Podhoretz |journal=Our Jerusalem |date=September 2002 |access-date=2008-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926001712/http://www.ourjerusalem.com/opinion/story/opinion20020904a.html |archive-date=2008-09-26 }}</ref> The Bush Doctrine, and neoconservative reasoning, held that containment of the enemy as under the [[realpolitik|''realpolitik'']] of President [[Ronald Reagan]] did not work, and that the enemy of the U.S. must be destroyed preemptively before they attack—using all the United States' available means, resources and influences to do so.<ref name="kaufmandef" /><ref name="infowaridea" /><ref name="winwter" /> On the book ''Winning the War on Terror'' Dr. James Forest of the U.S. Military Academy Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, comments: "While the West faces uncertainties in the struggle against militant Islam's armies of darkness, and while it is true that we do not yet know precisely how it will end, what has become abundantly clear is that the world will succeed in defeating militant Islam because of the West's flexible, democratic institutions and its all-encompassing ideology of freedom."<ref name="winwter" />
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