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==References== {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="Rossini">{{Cite journal |last=Rossini |first=Fredrick |author-link=Frederick Rossini |year=1964 |title=Excursion in Chemical Thermodynamics, from the Past into the Future |url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/8/2/0095/ |journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry |volume=8 |issue=2 |page=107 |doi=10.1351/pac196408020095 |access-date=21 January 2013 |quote=both the IT calorie and the thermochemical calorie are completely independent of the heat capacity of water. |doi-access=free|url-access=subscription }}</ref> <ref name="Webster">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2017 |title=Definition of Calorie |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/calorie |access-date=4 September 2017 |website=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> <ref name="iupac">{{Cite book |last=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) |url=https://archive.org/details/compendiumofanal0000unse |title=Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature |year=1997 |isbn=0-86542-615-5 |edition=3 |chapter=1.6 Conversion tables for units |publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans |author-link=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |access-date=31 August 2013 |chapter-url=http://iupac.org/publications/analytical_compendium/Cha01sec6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031016030854/http://www.iupac.org/publications/analytical_compendium/Cha01sec6.pdf |archive-date=2003-10-16 |url-status=live |url-access=registration}}</ref> <ref name="rappo2007">Zvi Rappoport ed. (2007), [https://books.google.com/books?id=4PdYwo25VP8C&pg=PA12 "The Chemistry of Peroxides"], Volume 2 page 12.</ref> {{refn|name=FAO1971|{{Cite web |last=FAO |author-link=FAO |year=1971 |title=The adoption of joules as units of energy |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/009/ae906e/ae906e17.htm}}}} <ref name="FAO2003">United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (2003): "[http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y5022E/y5022e04.htm FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77: Food energy - methods of analysis and conversion factors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524003622/http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Y5022E/y5022e04.htm |date=2010-05-24 }}". Accessed on 21 January 2022.</ref> <ref name="harg2006">JL Hargrove, "history of the calorie in nutrition", ''J Nutr'' 136/12 (December 2006), pp. 2957β2961.</ref> <ref name="harg2007">{{Cite journal |last=Hargrove |first=James L |year=2007 |title=Does the history of food energy units suggest a solution to "Calorie confusion"? |journal=Nutrition Journal |volume=6 |issue=44 |pages=44 |doi=10.1186/1475-2891-6-44 |pmc=2238749 |pmid=18086303 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="iso31-4">International Standard [[ISO 31-4]]: Quantities and units, Part 4: Heat. Annex B (informative): Other units given for information, especially regarding the conversion factor. [[International Organization for Standardization]], 1992.</ref> <ref name="SciAm">{{Cite news |title=How Do Food Manufacturers Calculate the Calorie Count of Packaged Foods? |language=en |work=Scientific American |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-food-manufacturers/ |access-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> <ref name="CIPM1948">"[https://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cg/cgpm/9-1948/resolution-3 Resolution 3 of the 9th CGPM (1948): Triple point of water; thermodynamic scale with a single fixed point; unit of quantity of heat (joule)]", BIPM. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614063830/https://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cg/cgpm/9-1948/resolution-3 |date=2021-06-14 }}.</ref> <ref name="BIPM9th">Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019): ''[https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf/2d2b50bf-f2b4-9661-f402-5f9d66e4b507?version=1.10 The International System of Units (SI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120160044/https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf/2d2b50bf-f2b4-9661-f402-5f9d66e4b507?version=1.10 |date=2022-01-20 }}'', 9th edition.</ref> <ref name="BIPM7th">Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (1998): ''[https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/si_brochure_7.pdf/36560ee5-8292-a297-ffe6-cbdf729c22a6?version=1.5 The International System of Units (SI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120160044/https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/si_brochure_7.pdf/36560ee5-8292-a297-ffe6-cbdf729c22a6?version=1.5 |date=2022-01-20 }}'', 7th edition.</ref> <ref name="FDA2019">U. S. Food and Drug Administration (2019): "[https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/calories-menu Calories on the Menu - Information for ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120213703/http://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/calories-menu |date=2022-01-20 }}". Online document at the [https://www.fda.gov FDA Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915112715/https://www.fda.gov/ |date=2013-09-15 }}, dated 5 August 2019. Accessed on 2022-01-20.</ref> <ref name="NHS2019">U. K. National Health Service (2019): "[https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/food-and-diet/what-should-my-daily-intake-of-calories-be/ What should my daily intake of calories be?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121092208/https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/food-and-diet/what-should-my-daily-intake-of-calories-be/ |date=2022-01-21 }}". Online document at the [https://www.nhs.uk/ NHS website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502074502/http://www.wales.nhs.uk/ |date=2020-05-02 }}, dated 24 October 2019. Accessed on 2022-01-20.</ref> <ref name="conn2019">{{Cite web |last1=Conn |first1=Carole |last2=Len Kravitz |title=Remarkable Calorie |url=http://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/remarkablecalorie.html |access-date=1 March 2019 |publisher=University of New Mexico}}</ref> <ref name="bhag2002">{{Cite book |last=Bhagavan |first=N. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7Dc9bOs9uAC&q=calorie+%22activation+barrier%22&pg=PA76 |title=Medical Biochemistry |date=2002 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=9780120954407 |pages=76β77 |language=en |access-date=5 September 2017}}</ref> <ref name="marks1928">{{Cite journal |last=Marks |first=Percy L. |date=14 January 1928 |title=The Two Calories, Percy L. Marks |journal=Nature |volume=121 |issue=3037 |pages=58 |doi=10.1038/121058d0 |doi-access=free |s2cid=4068300}}</ref> <ref name="ukmetric2012">{{Cite web |date=24 February 2012 |title=Prospects improve for food energy labelling using SI units |url=http://metricviews.uk/2012/02/prospects-improve-for-food-energy-labelling-using-si-units/ |access-date=17 April 2013 |website=Metric Views |publisher=[[UK Metric Association]]}}</ref> <ref name="NPL2016">{{Cite web |title=SI Conventions |url=http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/measurement-units/si-conventions/ |access-date=8 February 2016 |publisher=[[National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)|National Physical Laboratory]]}}</ref> <ref name="Cambridge">{{Cite web |title=Cambridge Dictionary: calorie |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/calorie |access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref> <ref name="lynch1974">{{Cite book |last=Lynch |first=Charles T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdU-lRMjOsgC&pg=PA444 |title=Handbook of Materials Science: General Properties, Volume 1 |date=1974 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780878192342 |page=438 |access-date=8 March 2014}}</ref> <ref name="patt2017">{{Cite book |last1=Kevin T. Patton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JtDwDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA537 |title=The Human Body in Health & Disease - E-Book |last2=Gary A. Thibodeau |date=11 January 2017 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-40206-4 |page=537}}</ref> <ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Definition of calorie noun from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/calorie |access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref> <ref name="marsh2020">Allison Marsh (2020): "[https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-counting-calories-became-a-science How Counting Calories Became a Science: Calorimeters defined the nutritional value of food and the output of steam generators] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121000718/https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-counting-calories-became-a-science |date=2022-01-21 }}" Online article on the [https://spectrum.ieee.org IEEE Spectrum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120232140/https://spectrum.ieee.org/ |date=2022-01-20 }} website, dated 29 December 2020. Accessed on 2022-01-20.</ref> <ref name="raym1894">Joseph Howard Raymond (1894): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iG0CAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA166 A Manual of Human Physiology: Prepared with Special Reference to Students of Medicine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121002825/https://books.google.com.br/books?id=iG0CAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA166 |date=2022-01-21 }}''. W.B. Saunders, 376 pages.</ref> <ref name="morris1992">Christopher W. Morris (1992) ''Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology''. 2432 pages. {{isbn|9780122004001}}</ref> }} [[Category:Units of energy]] [[Category:Heat transfer]] [[Category:Non-SI metric units]]
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