Editing Calvary (section)

==Gordon's Calvary==
{{Main|Gordon's Calvary}}
[[File:Golgotha photo.JPG|thumb|right|Rocky escarpment resembling a skull, located northwest of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]], near the [[Garden Tomb]] with c. 1900s picture posted on pole for comparison]]

In 1842, [[Otto Thenius]], a theologian and biblical scholar from [[Dresden]], [[Germany]], was the first to publish a proposal that the rocky knoll north of Damascus Gate was the biblical ''Golgotha''.<ref name="Golgotha and The Holy Sepulchre">{{cite book| first= Charles W. |last= Wilson| url= https://archive.org/stream/golgothaandholy00wilsgoog/golgothaandholy00wilsgoog_djvu.txt |title= Golgotha and The Holy Sepulchre| via= archive.org| year= 1906| publisher= The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund| pages= 103–20| access-date= }}</ref><ref name= Thenius>{{cite journal| first= Otto |last= Thenius| title= Golgatha et Sanctum Sepulchrum| language= de| url= https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfurd04illggoog |journal= Zeitschrift für die historische Theologie| year= 1842| via= archive.org| access-date= }}</ref> He relied heavily on the research of [[Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]].<ref name= Thenius /> In 1882–83, Major-General [[Charles George Gordon]] endorsed this view; subsequently the site has sometimes been known as [[Gordon's Calvary]]. The location, usually referred to today as ''[[Skull Hill]]'', is beneath a cliff that contains two large sunken holes, which Gordon regarded as resembling the eyes of a skull. He and a few others before him <!-- see article on Garden Tomb for citations, which it would be excessive to repeat here--> believed that the skull-like appearance would have caused the location to be known as Golgotha.<ref>{{cite book| first= Bill |last= White| title= A Special Place: The Story of the Garden Tomb| year= 1989| publisher= | isbn= }}</ref>

Nearby is an ancient rock-cut tomb known today as [[the Garden Tomb]], which Gordon proposed as the tomb of Jesus. The Garden Tomb contains several ancient burial places, although the archaeologist [[Gabriel Barkay]] has proposed that the tomb dates to the 7th century BC and that the site may have been abandoned by the 1st century.<ref>{{cite magazine| first= Gabriel |last= Barkay| title= The Garden Tomb| magazine= [[Biblical Archaeology Review]]| date= March–April 1986| url= }}</ref>

[[Eusebius]] comments that Golgotha was in his day (the 4th century) pointed out ''north of Mount Zion''.<ref name=Onomasticon>Eusebius, ''[[Eusebius' Onomasticon|Onomasticon]]'', 365</ref> While ''Mount Zion'' was used previously in reference to the Temple Mount itself, [[Josephus]], the first-century AD historian who knew the city as it was before the [[Siege of Jerusalem (AD 70)|Roman destruction of Jerusalem]], identified Mount Zion as being the Western Hill (the current Mount Zion),<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url= https://www.britannica.com/place/Zion-hill-Jerusalem |title=Zion| encyclopedia= [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | via= britannica.com| date= | access-date= November 19, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://jbq.jewishbible.org/assets/Uploads/303/303_zion303a.pdf |title= The Unknown Mount Zion| via= jewishbible.org| first= Walter | last= Zanger| publisher= | access-date= November 19, 2021}}</ref> which is south of both the Garden Tomb and the Holy Sepulchre. Eusebius' comment therefore offers no additional argument for either location.