Editing Capitalization (section)

==Capitalization styles==
The following names are given to systems of capitalization:

===Sentence case===
"[[The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog]]."<br /> The standard case used in English [[prose]]. Generally equivalent to the baseline universal standard of formal English orthography mentioned above; that is, only the first word is capitalized, except for proper nouns and other words which are generally capitalized by a more specific rule.

A variation is mid-sentence case which is identical to sentence case except that the first word is not capitalized (unless it would be capitalized by another rule). This type of letter case is used for entries in [[Dictionary|dictionaries]].

=== Title case ===
{{main|Title case}}
"The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over the Lazy Dog."<br />Also known as '''headline case''' and '''capital case'''. All words capitalized, except for certain subsets defined by rules that are not universally standardized, often minor words such as "the" (as above), "of", or "and". Other commonly lowercase words are prepositions and coordinating conjunctions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Title Capitalization Tool - Capitalize My Title - Title Case Tool |url=https://capitalizemytitle.com/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Capitalize My Title |language=en-US}}</ref> The standardization is only at the level of house styles and individual [[style manual]]s. (See [[Letter case#Headings and publication titles|Headings and publication titles]].) A simplified variant is '''start case''', where all words, including [[Article (grammar)|articles]], [[preposition]]s, and [[Conjunction (grammar)|conjunctions]], start with a capital letter.

===All caps===
{{main|All caps}}
{{not a typo|"THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG."}}<br />Also written as '''all-caps'''. Capital letters only. This style can be used for headlines and book or chapter titles at the top of a book page. It is commonly used in transcribed speech to indicate that a person is shouting, or to indicate a hectoring and obnoxious speaker.<ref name="All Caps, Butterick">{{cite web|last1=Butterick|first1=Matthew|title=All Caps|url=http://practicaltypography.com/all-caps.html|website=Practical Typography}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.fonts.com/AboutFonts/Articles/SituationalTypography/AllCaps.htm|title= ALL CAPS: To set or not to set?|author= Ilene Strizver |year= 2011|work= Fonts.com|publisher= Monotype Imaging|access-date= 21 June 2011 }}; {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/04/technology/04link.html?em&ex=1202274000&en=dfad4f3ac1f773cf&ei=5087%0A|title=Is Obama a Mac and Clinton a PC?|last=Cohen|first=Noam|date=4 February 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=29 January 2011|quote=Jason Santa Maria, creative director of Happy Cog Studios, which designs Web sites, detected a basic breach of netiquette. “Hillary’s text is all caps, like shouting,” he said.}}</ref> For this reason, it is generally discouraged. Long spans of Latin-alphabet text in all uppercase are harder to read because of the absence of the [[Ascender (typography)|ascenders]] and [[descender]]s found in lowercase letters, which can aid recognition.<ref name="autogenerated62">{{cite book|title= Type and Layout: How Typography and Design Can Get your Message Across - Or Get in the Way|last= Wheildon|first= Colin|year= 1995|publisher= Strathmoor Press|location= Berkeley|isbn= 978-0-9624891-5-0|page= [https://archive.org/details/typelayouthowtyp0000whei/page/62 62]|url= https://archive.org/details/typelayouthowtyp0000whei/page/62}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Nielsen|first1=Jakob|title=Weblog Usability: The Top Ten Design Mistakes|url=http://www.nngroup.com/articles/weblog-usability-top-ten-mistakes/|publisher=Nielsen Norman Group|access-date=29 July 2015}}</ref> In professional documents, a commonly preferred alternative to all caps text is the use of [[small caps]] to emphasize key names or acronyms, or the use of [[italic type|italics]] or (more rarely) [[bold text|bold]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Butterick|first1=Matthew|title=Small caps|url=http://practicaltypography.com/small-caps.html|website=Practical Typography|access-date=29 July 2015}}</ref> In addition, if all caps must be used, it is customary in headings of a few words to slightly widen the spacing between the letters, by around 10% of the point height. This practice is known as tracking or letterspacing.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Butterick|first1=Matthew|title=Letterspacing|url=http://practicaltypography.com/letterspacing.html|website=Practical Typography|access-date=29 July 2015}}</ref>