Editing Card game (section)

===Trick-taking games===
{{See also|List of trick-taking games}}
Trick-taking games are the largest category of outplay games. Players typically receive an equal number of cards and a trick involves each player playing a card face up to the table – the rules of play dictating what cards may be played and who wins the trick.<ref name=pagatTTG/>

There are two main types of [[trick-taking game]] with different objectives. Both are based on the play of multiple [[trick (cards)|trick]]s, in each of which each player plays a single card from their hand, and based on the values of played cards one player wins or "takes" the trick. In plain-trick games the aim is to win a number of tricks, a specific trick or as many tricks as possible, without regard to the actual cards. In point-trick games, the number of tricks is immaterial; what counts is the value, in points, of the cards captured.<ref name=pagatTTG>[https://www.pagat.com/class/trick.html ''Trick Taking Games''] at [[pagat.com]]. Retrieved 28 December 2023.</ref>

==== Plain-trick games ====
Many common Anglo-American games fall into the category of [[plain-trick games]]. The usual objective is to take the most tricks, but variations taking all tricks, making as few tricks (or penalty cards) as possible or taking an exact number of tricks. [[Contract bridge|Bridge]], [[Whist]] and [[Spades (card game)|Spades]] are popular examples. [[Hearts (card game)|Hearts]], [[Black Lady]] and [[Black Maria (card game)|Black Maria]] are examples of reverse games in which the aim is to avoid certain cards. Plain-trick games may be divided into the following 11 groups:<ref name=pagatTTG/>

{{anchor|Whist group|No trump group|Last trick group|Put group|Trump group|Ombre group|Boston group|Auction Whist group|Preference group|Exact bidding group|Multi-trick group}}
* '''Whist group.''' A standard [[Whist pack]] is used with cards ranking in their [[natural order (cards)|natural order]] and four players playing in partnerships of two. Usually a trump suit is nominated through turning a card or bidding and the aim is to win as many tricks as possible.
* '''No trump games'''. As above but there is no trump suit.
* '''Put group'''. In [[Put (card game)|Put]], tricks are won by the highest card regardless of suit. [[Trey (playing card)|Treys]] are usually highest.
* '''Last trick group'''. The player who makes the last trick wins (or loses) the hand.
* '''Trump group'''. Either trump games in which fewer cards are dealt (e.g. 5) or in which there are [[chosen suit]]s.
* '''Ombre group'''. [[Ombre]] introduced one of the two most significant features in the history of card games: bidding. Other common characteristics of this family are 3 [[matador (cards)|matadors]] and a [[talon (cards)|talon]] of undealt cards.
* '''Boston group'''. Games of the [[Boston (card game)|Boston]] group are played like Whist, but players form [[alliance (cards)|alliances]] of two or three players depending on the outcome of bidding.
* '''Auction Whist group'''. [[Auction Whist|Auction or Bid Whist]] games involved fixed partnerships and an auction to determine the contract to be played.
* '''Preference group'''. Games of the [[Préférence]] family are typically for three players who 10 cards each from a 32-card pack and bid to play alone against the other two.
* '''Exact bidding group'''. Players bid the exact number of tricks they expect to take and must achieve that to win.
* '''Multi-trick group'''. Mostly Oriental games in which several cards may be led to a trick at once. However, some European games of the trump group, such as [[Bruus]], also include this feature.

==== Point-trick games ====
[[Point-trick game]]s are all European or of European origin and include the [[Tarot card games]]. Individual cards have specific point values and the objective is usually to amass the majority of points by taking tricks, especially those with higher value cards. There are around nine main groups:<ref name=pagatTTG/>

* '''Tarot games'''. All [[Tarot game]]s use [[Tarot cards]] for their original purpose of playing games and are either French- or Spanish-suited. The tarots form a special trump suit and the counting cards are the highest, second highest and lowest trumps along with the [[court card]]s. There are usually bonuses for certain feats or card combinations and most games have multiple contracts which the players may bid for. Notable examples include  German [[Cego]], Austrian [[Königrufen|Tarock]], [[French Tarot]] and Italian [[Minchiate]].
* '''Manille group.''' A small group of mainly French and Spanish games originating in [[Manille|"Malille"]] characterized by the top card being the 9 in Spanish games or the 10 in Belgian and French games. Additional counters are the AKQJ.
* '''Couillon group.''' A small group from the [[Benelux]] countries in which the counters and highest cards are the ace (4), king (3), queen (2) and jack (1). A typical member is Luxembourgisch [[Konter a Matt]].
* '''Trappola group.''' This family is virtually extinct. Its progenitor, [[Trappola]], was a Venetian game that emerged in the 1500s and was played with a special pack that is still available from [[Piatnik]] today. The counters are the ace (6), king (5), knight (4) and jack (3). There were bonuses for certain trick-winning feats.
* '''All fours group.''' Based on the old English game of [[all fours (card game)|all fours]] in which there were game points for High (highest trump), Low (lowest trump), Jack (of trumps) and Game (most card points). Surviving members of the group include American [[Pitch (card game)|Pitch]], British [[Phat (card game)|Phat]] and Irish [[Don (card game)|Don]].
*{{anchor|Schafkopf group|Jass group|Sedma group|German Tarok group}} '''Ace–ten games'''. The [[ace–ten family]] includes most of the national games of Europe including German [[Skat (card game)|Skat]], French [[Belote]], Dutch [[Klaverjas]], Austrian [[Schnapsen]], Spanish [[Tute]], Swiss [[Jass]], Portuguese [[Sueca (card game)|Sueca]], Italian [[Briscola]] and Czech [[Mariáš]]. [[Pinochle]] is an American example of French or Swiss origin. Ace–ten games may be further subdivided into the [[Schafkopf]] group, [[marriage group]] (which includes the [[Jass]] group), the [[Sedma group]] and the [[German Tarok]] group (which includes American games like [[Frog (American card game)|frog]] and [[six-bid solo]].
* '''Tresette group.''' [[Tressette]] is an Italian game with the odd card ranking of 32AKQJ7654. Aces count 1 point, treys, deuces and courts are worth {{frac|1|3}} point each. Most are Italian variants of Tressette, but Les Quatre Sept is played in Canada.
* '''Reverse games'''. Historically the most significant was [[Reversis]], now rarely played. The best known reverse game today is [[Black Lady]], often called [[Hearts (card game)|Hearts]] although that name also refers to a simpler reverse game. Reverse games often feature in [[#Compendium games|compendium games]].
* '''Miscellaneous games'''. These include small families of Oriental games such as the King-Ten-Five group, in which the counters are the kings and tens (10 each) and fives (5), and Picture group, in which the AKQJT are worth 1 point each and in which [[Elfern]] is the only Western example. Of historical interest are [[Gleek (card game)|Gleek]] and [[Penneech]], while [[Cucco]] is one played with a special Cucco pack.

{{anchor|Beating games}}