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===20th and 21st centuries=== [[File:Tunnels in Cardiff Castle.jpg|thumb|left|One of the tunnels within the castle walls, used as [[Second World War]] [[air raid shelter]]s]] [[John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute|John]], the fourth marquess, acquired the castle in 1900 on the death of his father, and the family estates and investments around the castle began to rapidly reduce in size.<ref name="Benham 2001 2">{{cite web | url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/onlinelists/GB%200214%20DA_cld.pdf | title=Glamorgan Estate of Lord Bute collection | access-date=4 November 2012 | last=Benham| first=Stephen |date=March 2001 | publisher=National Archives| page = 2}}</ref> Cardiff had grown hugely in the previous century, its population increasing from 1,870 in 1800 to around 250,000 in 1900, but the coal trade began to diminish after 1918 and industry suffered during the depression of the 1920s.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenkins|2002|pp=26, 33}}; {{harvnb|Nicholas|1872|p=461}}</ref> John only inherited a part of the Butes' Glamorgan estates, and in the first decades of the 20th century he sold off much of the remaining assets around Cardiff, including the coal mines, docks and railway companies, with the bulk of the land interests being finally sold off or nationalised in 1938.<ref name="Benham 2001 2"/> Development work on the castle continued. There was extensive restoration of the medieval masonry in 1921, with architect John Grant rebuilding the South Gate and the barbican tower, and reconstructing the medieval West Gate and town wall alongside the castle, with the Swiss Bridge being moved in 1927 to make room for the new West Gate development.<ref>{{harvnb|Grant|1923|p=35}}; {{cite web | url=http://www.coflein.gov.uk/pdf/CPG211/ | title=Cardiff Castle and Bute Park | access-date=4 November 2012 | author=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales | publisher=Coflein | page=4 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221215132/http://www.coflein.gov.uk/pdf/CPG211/ | archive-date=21 February 2014 }}; {{harvnb|Newman|1995|p=197}}</ref> Further archaeological investigations were carried out into the Roman walls in 1922 and 1923, leading to Grant redesigning the northern Roman gatehouse.<ref>{{harvnb|Grant|1923|p=14}}; {{cite web | url=http://www.coflein.gov.uk/pdf/CPG211/ | title=Cardiff Castle and Bute Park | access-date=4 November 2012 | author=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales | publisher=Coflein | page=6 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221215132/http://www.coflein.gov.uk/pdf/CPG211/ | archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref> The second half of the castle stables were finally completed.<ref name=CofleinP3/> The Animal Wall was moved in the 1920s to the west side of the castle to enclose a [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|pre-Raphaelite]] themed garden.<ref name=CofleinP5/> The grand staircase in the main lodgings was torn out in the 1930s.<ref>{{harvnb|Newman|1995|p=202}}</ref> During World War II, extensive tunnels within the medieval walls were used as [[air-raid shelter]]s, with eight different sections, able to hold up to 1,800 people in total,<ref>{{harvnb|Webster|1981|p=211}}; {{cite web | url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/showbiz-and-lifestyle/real-life/2011/04/16/cardiff-castle-opens-up-wartime-shelters-91466-28529795/ | title=Cardiff castle opens up wartime shelters | access-date=4 November 2012 | last= Young| first = Alison| date = 2 July 2011| publisher= Wales Online}}</ref> and the castle was also used to tether [[barrage balloon]]s above the city. In 1947, [[John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute|John]], the fifth marquess, inherited the castle on the death of his father and faced considerable [[death duties]].<ref>{{harvnb|Jones|2005|p=52}}</ref> He sold the very last of the Bute lands in Cardiff and gave the castle and the surrounding park to the city on behalf of the people of Cardiff; the family flag was taken down from the castle as part of the official hand-over ceremony.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenkins|2002|p=33}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2005|p=52}}; {{harvnb|Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales |1991|p=172}}</ref> The castle was protected as a [[grade I]] [[listed building]] and as a [[scheduled monument]]. The castle grounds are listed Grade I, jointly with [[Bute Park]], on the [[Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales]].<ref>{{NHAW|uid=213|num=PGW(Gm)22(CDF)|desc=Cardiff Castle and Bute Park|class=HPG|access-date=6 February 2023}}</ref> Cardiff Castle is now run as a tourist attraction, and is one of the most popular sites in the city.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/cardiffonline/cardiff-news/2010/10/27/report-highlights-booming-tourist-trade-in-cardiff-91466-27548342/ | title=Report highlights booming tourist trade in Cardiff | access-date=4 November 2012 | last= Alford| first = Abby| date = 27 October 2010| work= Wales Online}}</ref> The castle is not fully furnished, as the furniture and fittings in the castle were removed by the marquess in 1947 and subsequently disposed of; an extensive restoration has been carried out, however, of the fittings originally designed for the Clock Tower by Burges.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2010/11/25/cardiff-castle-retreat-restored-to-former-glory-91466-27712109/ | title=Cardiff Castle retreat restored to former glory | access-date=4 November 2012 | last= Law| first = Peter| date = 25 November 2010| work= Wales Online}}; {{cite web | url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/objview.asp?object_id=12088 | title=Cardiff Castle - Eligibility for Museum Accreditation (Acquisition and Disposal Policy) | access-date=4 November 2012 | author= Tom Morgan | publisher= Cardiff Council | page=4 }}</ref> The [[Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama]], founded in 1949, was housed in the castle's main lodgings for many years, but moved into the castle's former stables north of the castle in 1998.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.coflein.gov.uk/pdf/CPG211/ | title=Cardiff Castle and Bute Park | access-date=4 November 2012 | author=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales | publisher=Coflein | pages=2β3 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221215132/http://www.coflein.gov.uk/pdf/CPG211/ | archive-date=21 February 2014 | df=dmy-all }}; {{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/universities-and-colleges/8533305/Royal-Welsh-College-of-Music-and-Drama-guide.html | title=Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama guide | access-date=4 November 2012 | last=Gockelen-Kozlowski | first=Tom | date=7 July 2011 | newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref> A new interpretation centre, which opened in 2008, was built alongside the South Gate at a cost of Β£6 million,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.culture24.org.uk/art/art58168|title=New Β£6 Million Interpretation Centre Opens At Cardiff Castle|date=13 June 2008|work=[[Culture24]]|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> and the castle also contains "[[Firing Line: Cardiff Castle Museum of the Welsh Soldier|Firing Line]]", the joint [[regimental museum]] of the [[1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards]] and the [[Royal Welsh]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rrw.org.uk/index.shtml | title=Welcome to the Museums of the Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st) | access-date=4 November 2012 | publisher=The Royal Regiment of Wales | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907071804/http://www.rrw.org.uk/index.shtml | archive-date=7 September 2012 | df=dmy-all }}; {{cite web | url=http://www.cardiffcastlemuseum.org.uk/about-the-museum.html | title=About the Museum | access-date=4 November 2012 | publisher=Firing Line - Cardiff Castle Museum of the Welsh Soldier | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621011540/http://www.cardiffcastlemuseum.org.uk/about-the-museum.html | archive-date=21 June 2012 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The castle has been used for a range of cultural and social events. The castle has seen various musical performances, including by [[Westlife]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], [[A-HA]], [[Green Day]] and the [[Stereophonics]], with a capacity to accommodate over 10,000 people. During the 1960s and 1970s the castle was the setting for a sequence of [[military tattoo]]s.<ref>{{harvnb|Row|Squire|1974|p=102}}</ref> {{Panorama|image=Image:Cardiff_Castle_360Β°_Panorama.jpg |caption=360Β° panorama of the grounds of Cardiff Castle, showing (l to r) the interpretation centre, the barbican and South Gate, the Black Tower, the Clock Tower and the main lodgings, the reconstructed Roman Wall, the shell keep on the motte, the North Gate, and the Norman banked earth defences|height=200}}
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