Editing Carpetbagger (section)

===South Carolina===
A politician in South Carolina who was called a carpetbagger was [[Daniel Henry Chamberlain]], a New Englander who had served as an officer of a predominantly black regiment of the [[United States Colored Troops]]. He was appointed South Carolina's attorney general from 1868 to 1872 and elected Republican governor from 1874 to 1877. As a result of the national [[Compromise of 1877]], Chamberlain lost his office. He was narrowly re-elected in a campaign marked by egregious voter fraud and violence against freedmen by Democratic [[Red Shirts (Southern United States)|Red Shirts]], who succeeded in suppressing the black vote in some majority-black counties.<ref>Nicholas Lemann, ''Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War'', New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, paperback, 2007</ref> While serving in South Carolina, Chamberlain was a strong supporter of Negro rights.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

Some historians of the early 1800s, who belonged to the [[Dunning School]] that believed that the Reconstruction era was fatally flawed, claimed that Chamberlain later was influenced by [[Social Darwinism]] to become a white supremacist. They also wrote that he supported [[states' rights]] and laissez-faire in the economy. They portrayed "liberty" in 1896 as the right to rise above the rising tide of equality. Chamberlain was said to justify white supremacy by arguing that, in evolutionary terms, the Negro obviously belonged to an inferior social order.<ref name="Simkins and Woody. 1932">Simkins and Woody. (1932)</ref>

[[Charles Woodward Stearns]], also from Massachusetts, wrote an account of his experience in South Carolina: ''The Black Man of the South, and the Rebels: Or, the Characteristics of the Former and the Recent Outrages of the Latter'' (1873).{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

[[Francis Lewis Cardozo]], a black minister from New Haven, Connecticut, served as a delegate to South Carolina's 1868 Constitutional Convention. He made eloquent speeches advocating that the plantations be broken up and distributed among the freedmen. They wanted their own land to farm and believed they had already paid for land by their years of uncompensated labor and the trials of slavery.<ref name="Simkins and Woody. 1932"/>