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Choctaw language
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===Syllable structure=== {| class="wikitable" |+Syllables of Choctaw<ref name="Broadwell18-19 2006">Broadwell (2006:18-19)</ref> ! Light !! example !! meaning |- | V|| '''a'''.bih|| 'to kill' |- | CV|| '''no'''.sih|| 'to sleep |- ! Heavy !! example !! meaning |- | VV|| '''ii'''.chih|| 'to drive' |- | CVV|| '''pii'''.ni'|| 'boat, train' |- | V̱|| '''a̱'''.chi'|| 'quilt' |- | CV̱|| '''ta̱'''.chi'|| 'corn' |- | VC||''' ish'''.ki'|| 'mother' |- | CVC|| ha.'''bish'''.ko'|| 'nose' |- ! Superheavy !! example !! meaning |- | VVC|| '''óok'''.cha-cha|| 'she/he woke up and ...' |- | CVVC|| '''náaf'''.ka|| 'dress' |- | V̱C|| '''a̱t'''|| 'come and' |- | CV̱C|| ok.'''hi̱sh'''|| 'medicine' |} # As is in the chart above, there are three syllable structure types in Choctaw: light, heavy, and super heavy. Possible syllables in Choctaw must contain at least one vowel of any quality.<ref name="Broadwell18-19 2006">Broadwell (2006:18-19)</ref> # Syllables cannot end with a consonant clusters CC. However, there is an exception with the structure *(C)VCC if a word in Choctaw ends with the suffix /-t/.<ref name="Broadwell18-19 2006" /> # Syllables do not begin with consonant clusters CC, but there is an exception in an initial /i-/ deletion, which results in a syllable *CCV .<ref name="Broadwell18-19 2006" /> ====Rhythmic lengthening==== * Rhythmic lengthening is the process of lengthening the vowel duration of an even-numbered CV syllable in Choctaw. However, vowels at the end of words are not permitted to undergo that process. Also, if an even-numbered syllable is a verbal prefixes class I or III, the affix's vowel may not undergo lengthening, and the same holds true for noun prefixes class III as well.<ref name="Broadwell 21-26 2006">Broadwell (2006:21-26)</ref> : CV-CV-CVC→CV-CV<big>'''꞉'''</big>-CVC :salahatok→sala꞉hatok ====Smallest possible word==== * The smallest possible word in Choctaw must contain either two short vowels or one long vowel.<ref name="Broadwell 20 2006">Broadwell (2006:20)</ref> *: ''ofi''' 'dog' *: ''waak'' 'cow' * /a-/ insertion: there are verbs with only one short vowel in their roots. Without an affix attached to the verb root, the verbs become impossible utterances because Choctaw requires either two short vowels or a long vowel for a word to be formed. An initial A-prefix is thus attached to the root of the verb.<ref name="Broadwell18-21 2006">Broadwell (2006:18-21)</ref> : *bih → a-bih
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