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Ciompi Revolt
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====Revolt==== On 21 July, the lower classes forcibly took over the government, placing the wool carder [[Michele di Lando]] in the executive office of [[gonfaloniere of justice]], and showing their banner, the blacksmith's flag, at the [[Bargello]], the palace of the [[podestร ]]. On this day, thousands of armed wool workers (the Ciompi) and those from the Sotto posti, besieged the Signoria and pointedly hanged the public executioner by his feet in front of the [[Palazzo Vecchio]].<ref name=plebian />{{rp|742}} The Ciompi then compelled the governing body, the [[Signoria of Florence|Signoria]], to establish three additional guilds in order to grant them access to political office.<ref>Hibbert, Christopher "The House of the Medici: Its Rise and Fall" pp.26โ27</ref> In demanding the creation of an ''arte del pololo minuto'', the Ciompi requests were not especially radical: they were simply demanding the same rights the other minor guilds currently had. Most of the Ciompi (and Sotto Posti involved) aimed for reform rather than radical or revolutionary innovation.<ref name=mollat />{{rp|149}} The total membership of the three new guilds was roughly 13,000 men whereas the twenty-one previously existing guilds had a membership of about 4000 to 5000 between them. After the incorporation of these new guilds, almost every man in Florence was able to participate in city government.<ref name=najemy />{{rp|165}} Considering the militancy with which the Ciompi had seized power, their demands both politically and socially, were modest. Their main concerns included the formation of a guild for wool workers and they also wished to tackle unemployment by increasing wool production.<ref name=plebian />{{rp|742}} The Ciompi in fact did not demand ownership of cloth production or the cloth factories and their ideals were still based around the traditional guild idea, wishing to protect their economic interests and the situation of their workers.<ref name=brucker />{{rp|68}} However the new Ciompi government, once they had pushed out the Signoria, experienced early problems. While they made demands such as the right to elect three of their own priors, the reduction of [[judicial corporal punishment]], and reform of the tax system, the new government was rather weak and lacked strong bargaining skills.<ref name=textbook>King, Margaret. ''The Renaissance in Europe''. London: Laurence King, 2003, 38โ39.</ref> An analysis of those within the newly appointed Balia suggests that only half were actually Ciompi, the rest being of middle class and other professions. The clash of interests and resulting struggle and sense of betrayal experienced by the Ciompi when their leader Michele di Lando turned against them, ignoring their demands, led to the third stage of the revolt. [[File:Piazza della Signoria.jpg|thumb|Piazza della Signoria|300px]]
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