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Clark's nutcracker
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==Whitebark pine mutualism== Clark's nutcracker is the primary seed disperser for [[Whitebark pine|whitebark pine (''Pinus albicaulis'')]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tomback|first=DF|author-link=Diana Tomback|year=1982|title=Dispersal of whitebark pine seeds by Clark's Nutcracker: A mutualism hypothesis|journal=Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=51|issue=2 |pages=451β467|doi=10.2307/3976 |jstor=3976 |bibcode=1982JAnEc..51..451T }}</ref> Whitebark pine is in decline throughout its range, due to infection by [[Cronartium ribicola|white pine blister rust (''Cronartium ribicola'')]], widespread outbreaks of [[mountain pine beetle]], and the long-term effects of fire suppression.<ref name="WBPComm">{{cite book|last1=Tomback|first1=DF|author1-link=Diana Tomback|first2=SF|last2=Arno|first3=RE|last3=Keane|year=2001|title=Whitebark Pine Communities: Ecology and Restoration|publisher=Island Press|location=Washington, DC.}}</ref> Clark's nutcracker is an integral part of the whitebark pine restoration process: Clark's nutcracker must remain in whitebark pine forests and cache the seeds in excess, so that healthy trees will continue to grow.<ref name="WBPComm" /> If whitebark pine declines into extinction, Clark's nutcracker will lose an important source of food and may no longer be seen in areas where the tree is the primary source of seed, such as [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]].
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