Editing Colin Archer (section)

== Rescue boats ==
[[File:Fram museum, Oslo - IMG 9426.jpg|thumb|Model of ''RS 1 Colin Archer'' in the Fram Museum, Oslo, Norway.]]
[[File:RS 1 Colin Archer.jpg|left|thumb|RS 1 COLIN ARCHER as new in 1893. Later the boat was painted white.]]
After an off shore gale in 1892 when several of Archer's pilot boats rescued fishermen, it was thought that pilots should do the rescue operations. Three cutter-rigged Archer pilot boats were built; 38-, 41- and 42-foot length, fitted out as rescue boats and put into service in 1893 manned by pilots.
[[File:Kyststevnet 2014, Horten (01).jpg|thumb|RS 1 COLIN ARCHER built 1893 – shown in Horten 2014.]]
To try a bigger and more specialized rescue boat, a design competition was held in 1892 and Archer got the order. He based his design on his newest pilot-boat and scaled the lines to 46 feet and reduced the beam ratio to 33.5%. Freeboard height was increased with about 20&nbsp;cm. The keel was widened so the ballast keel became considerably heavier at 6.5 tons. The inside ballast remained the same, 6-7 tons. Ceiling, 45&nbsp;mm planking fitted inside the frames, were made watertight and thus the boat would float and be maneuverable in case of a leak or damage. The boat was rigged as [[ketch]] and launched July 1893 as the RS 1 COLIN ARCHER.[[File:RS 6 Nordland.jpg|thumb|RS 6 built 1894, identical to RS1 COLIN ARCHER|left]]In service, it was soon realized, that the rescue boats had to sail out with fishing fleets every day. As there were no weather forecasts and no distress signals, the rescue boats had to be at the scene if a storm arrived. As the wind increased, the smallest boats were towed to safety and returned to tow larger boats.  The pilots could not be with the fishermen all day so the design chosen for new boats was the large ketch.

33 ketch-rigged rescue boats were built from 1893 to 1924. 28 of the ketches were Archer’s design and 13 were built by Archer. From 1909 – 1924 the last 13 ketches were built in the Risør area (35 n.m. SW of Larvik). Only one rescue boat was lost at sea without a trace.

Archer made two new plans for rescue boats.  The Mk II was built in 1897 has more overhang in the bow profile and thus more flare in the bow sections and a slightly fuller waterline in the bow. Length over deck became 47 feet and the boat had more stability for towing. Mk. III was built in 1908 with 20&nbsp;cm more beam (34.4%) and a considerably fuller bow, but a finer stern. All versions have the midship section approx. 53% from the forward perpendicular. Mk. III’s lines are more symmetrically shaped than Archer normally used. The Mk. III rescue boat was considered the best boat in strong winds and most towing abilities.

Framing is kept relatively light with frame spacing 60–66&nbsp;cm c-c with a thin stem bent oak rib in between. Planking was 38&nbsp;mm oak and the inside of the frames was also planked (ceiling) with 50&nbsp;mm pine. This was caulked watertight to the watertight cabin sole (floor) and thus, and floated when the planking got a leak.

To minimize pitching to give the boats an easier motion and keep the deck dry, the ballast was concentrated midships, and anchor windlass and chain placed aft of the mast.

The rig was ketch (two mast) with a relatively short mast and very small mizzen. In a strong wind, they normally sailed with main and staysail only, often [[Reefing|reefed]]. With boats in tow, the mizzen was used to point higher to the wind and help to tack. The rig was basically the same for all boats, but the spars became heavier for each upgrade.

The last sailing rescue boat was built in 1924. Next generation boats, the Bjarne Aas design with an engine but also full rig was built in 1932. A dozen of Archer's design served without an engine until 1940. With engine installed, they served until 1960.