Editing Commissioner (section)

===United States===<!-- This section is linked from [[List of counties in Texas]] -->

====Current====
In many [[U.S. state]]s, the legislative and executive decision-making bodies of [[County (United States)|counties]] are called the board of commissioners or [[county commission]].<ref>{{citation| mode=cs1 |author1=((League of Minnesota Cities)) |title=Local Government in Minnesota |url=https://www.lmc.org/wp-content/uploads/documents/Local-Government-in-Minnesota.pdf |work=Handbook for Minnesota Cities |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320183251/https://www.lmc.org/wp-content/uploads/documents/Local-Government-in-Minnesota.pdf|archive-date=2023-03-20 |page=3 |language=English |date=2021-06-16 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Peoples |first1=Brandon |title=Riley County Commission to hold quarterly meetings in smaller communities |url=https://1350kman.com/2023/03/riley-county-commission-to-hold-quarterly-meetings-in-smaller-communities/ |access-date=20 March 2023 |work= Manhattan KS News Radio KMAN |publisher=Manhattan Broadcasting Company |date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320184820/https://1350kman.com/2023/03/riley-county-commission-to-hold-quarterly-meetings-in-smaller-communities/ |archive-date=2023-03-20 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |publisher=Rutherford County Board of Commissioners |title=Rules and Regulations |date=2022-06-16 |location=Murfreesboro, Tenn., US |url=https://www.rutherfordcountytn.gov/sites/default/files/Commission.Rules_.Regulations.Updated.June_.16.2022.pdf |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320185815/https://www.rutherfordcountytn.gov/sites/default/files/Commission.Rules_.Regulations.Updated.June_.16.2022.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-20 }}</ref>

In [[Minnesota]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Griffith |first1=Michelle |title=Gov. Tim Walz appoints six new commissioners |url=https://minnesotareformer.com/briefs/gov-tim-walz-appoints-six-new-commissioners/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=Minnesota Reformer |date=2022-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323141155/https://minnesotareformer.com/briefs/gov-tim-walz-appoints-six-new-commissioners/ |archive-date=2023-03-23}}</ref> [[Alaska]],<ref>{{cite book |author1=((Division of Personnel and Labor Relations)) |title=Introduction to State Government, New Employee Orientation |publisher=Alaska Department of Administration |location=Juneau, Alaska, US |url=https://doa.alaska.gov/dop/employeeOrientation/introduction/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316041814/https://doa.alaska.gov/dop/employeeOrientation/introduction/ |archive-date=2023-03-16 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Governor Names Natural Resources and Health Commissioners |url=https://www.akbizmag.com/industry/government/governor-names-natural-resources-and-health-commissioners/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |work=Alaska Business |publisher=Alaska Business Publishing Co. |date=2022-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323142345/https://www.akbizmag.com/industry/government/governor-names-natural-resources-and-health-commissioners/ |archive-date=2023-03-23 |location=Anchorage, US |language=English}}</ref>[[New Hampshire]], [[New York (state)|New York]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.tax.ny.gov/about/biography.htm |title=About the Commissioner |publisher=New York Department of Taxation and Finance |language=En |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323145038/https://www.tax.ny.gov/about/biography.htm |archive-date=2023-03-23}}</ref> [[Texas]] and [[Tennessee]], the heads of some statewide [[Cabinet (government)|departments]] are called "commissioners".

In [[California]], court commissioners are subordinate judicial officers granted many of the same authorities as judges, though not all.<ref>{{cite book |author1=((Judicial Council of California)) |title=Invitation to Comment |date=2016-04-14 |edition=LEG16-01 |url=https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/LEG16-01.pdf |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323155645/https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/LEG16-01.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-23 |language=EN }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=((Sacramento Superior Court)) |title=court-commissioner-job.pdf |url=https://www.saccourt.ca.gov/pdf-content/court-commissioner-job.pdf |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323152945/https://www.saccourt.ca.gov/pdf-content/court-commissioner-job.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-23 |language=EN}}</ref>

In some states certain municipalities may have a planning or zoning authority composed of local officials or members of the public.<ref>{{cite book |author1=((City of Waukegan)) |title=Planning and Zoning Commission Rules of Procedure |date=2014-01-14 |publisher=Civic Plus |archive-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316180550/https://waukeganil.gov/DocumentCenter/View/516/Rules-of-Procedure---By-Laws?bidId=id=1412&catid=0|url=https://waukeganil.gov/DocumentCenter/View/516/Rules-of-Procedure---By-Laws?bidId= |access-date=16 March 2023 |language=English |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=((County of Benton)) |title=Planning Commission |url=https://www.co.benton.wa.us/pview.aspx?id=1412&catid=0 |website=Benton County, Washington - Official Website |publisher=Municipal One |access-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126011320/https://www.co.benton.wa.us/pview.aspx?id=1412&catid=0 |archive-date=2023-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=((City of Minneapolis)) |title=Planning Commission |url=https://lims.minneapolismn.gov/boards/cpc |publisher=Legislative Information Management System |access-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320145751/https://lims.minneapolismn.gov/boards/cpc |archive-date=2022-03-20 |language=English}}</ref> These authorities can be called commissions with the members addressed as "commissioners".<ref>{{cite book |title=Planning Commission Guide |date=2020-06-04 |author1=((League of Minnesota Cities)) |page=2 |url=https://www.lmc.org/wp-content/uploads/documents/Planning-Commission-Guide.pdf |access-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120110108/https://www.lmc.org/wp-content/uploads/documents/Planning-Commission-Guide.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-20 |language=English}}</ref>

====Historic====
In the past, the U.S. government-appointed special commissioners for a variety of tasks. For example, the head of the [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]] from 1862 to 1889 was a commissioner, not a Cabinet secretary.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Until 1968, federal courts appointed commissioners to perform routine judicial duties such as taking testimony, taking bail, and even enforcing laws such as the [[Fugitive Slave Act]]. These commissioners were replaced by [[United States magistrate judge|United States magistrates]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/admin_03_02.html|title=History of the Federal Judiciary {{!}} Federal Judicial Center|website=www.fjc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-06-04}}</ref>