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Common firecrest
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=== Voice === The [[Bird vocalization|contact call]] is three or four thin high notes, similar to that of [[goldcrest]], but slightly lower in pitch,<ref name= Mullarney>{{cite book | last = Mullarney | first = Killian | author-link = Killian Mullarney |author2=Svensson, Lars |author2-link=Lars Svensson (ornithologist)|author3=Zetterstrom, Dan|author3-link=Zetterstrom, Dan|author4=Grant, Peter J.|author4-link=Grant, Peter J. |title = Collins Bird Guide | year = 1999 | publisher = London: Collins | page = 336| isbn = 978-0-00-219728-1| title-link = Collins Bird Guide }}</ref> ''zit-zit-zit'' rather than ''see-see-see''.<ref name= Simms/> The song is a succession of call notes in a longer and slightly more varied sequence. Typically there are 11–14 notes per song, becoming louder and faster, with the final three notes slightly different from the preceding ones: ''zit-zit-zit-zit-zit-zit-zit-zit-zit-zit-zirt.zirt.zirt''. The song usually lasts 0.5–2.5 seconds, shorter than the 3.5–4.0 seconds for the goldcrest, and may be repeated up to eight times a minute. In May and June, singing is most frequent after dawn, but continues less often throughout the day. Later in the breeding season, song becomes largely confined to the morning.<ref name= Simms/> The song of the Mediterranean subspecies of common firecrest, ''R. i. balearicus'', is very similar to that of the [[Subspecies#Nomenclature|nominate]] form, but one factor in separating the Madeiran firecrest from common firecrest is that the island bird's song is divided into three phrases, two of them consisting of modified display and anger calls. Its display calls also use a larger frequency range and more [[harmonic]]s than those of the continental subspecies.<ref name= Packert>{{cite journal | last= Päckert | first= Martin |author2=Martens, Jochen|author3=Hofmeister, Tanja |date=January 2001 | title= Lautäußerungen der Sommergoldhähnchen von den Inseln Madeira und Mallorca (''Regulus ignicapillus madeirensis, R. i. balearicus'') | journal= [[Journal für Ornithologie]] |language = de | volume= 142| issue = 1 | pages= 16–29 | doi = 10.1046/j.1439-0361.2000.00054.x}}</ref><ref name= Constantine>{{cite book | last = Constantine | first = Mark |author2=The Sound Approach| title = The Sound Approach to Birding: A Guide to Understanding Bird Sound | year = 2006 | location = Poole | publisher = The Sound Approach | isbn =978-90-810933-1-6 |page =137 }}</ref> Male goldcrests and Madeiran firecrests sometimes show a territorial response to recordings of the songs or calls of the common firecrest, but the reverse is apparently not true, because the songs of the common firecrest are simpler in construction than those of its relatives.<ref name= Packert/><ref name= Simms/>
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