Editing Computational science (section)

=== Computational science and engineering ===
{{main|Computational engineering}}

Computational science and engineering (CSE) is a relatively new{{Quantify|date=December 2021}} discipline that deals with the development and application of computational models and simulations, often coupled with [[high-performance computing]], to solve complex physical problems arising in engineering analysis and design (computational engineering) as well as natural phenomena (computational science). CSE has become accepted amongst scientists, engineers and academics as the "third mode of discovery" (next to theory and experimentation).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cseprograms.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/CSEHandbook-Students-v11.pdf |title=Computational Science and Engineering Program: Graduate Student Handbook |website=cseprograms.gatech.edu |date=September 2009 |access-date=2017-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014001918/http://www.cseprograms.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/CSEHandbook-Students-v11.pdf |archive-date=2014-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In many fields, computer simulation is integral and therefore essential to business and research. Computer simulation provides the capability to enter fields that are either inaccessible to traditional experimentation or where carrying out traditional empirical inquiries is prohibitively expensive. CSE should neither be confused with pure [[computer science]], nor with [[computer engineering]], although a wide domain in the former is used in CSE (e.g., certain algorithms, data structures, parallel programming, high-performance computing), and some problems in the latter can be modeled and solved with CSE methods (as an application area).{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}