Editing Computer program (section)

===x86 series===
[[File:IBM_PC-IMG_7271_(transparent).png|thumb|right|The original [[IBM Personal Computer]] (1981) used an Intel 8088 microprocessor.]]
In 1978, the modern [[software development]] environment began when Intel upgraded the [[Intel 8080]] to the [[Intel 8086]]. Intel simplified the Intel 8086 to manufacture the cheaper [[Intel 8088]].<ref name="infoworld_8-23-82">{{cite web
 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VDAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22
 | title=Bill Gates, Microsoft and the IBM Personal Computer
 | publisher=InfoWorld
 | date=August 23, 1982
 | access-date=1 February 2022
 | archive-date=18 February 2023
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218183644/https://books.google.com/books?id=VDAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22
 | url-status=live
 }}</ref> [[IBM]] embraced the Intel 8088 when they entered the [[personal computer]] market (1981). As [[consumer]] [[demand]] for personal computers increased, so did Intel's microprocessor development. The succession of development is known as the [[x86|x86 series]]. The [[x86 assembly language]] is a family of [[backward-compatible]] [[machine instruction]]s. Machine instructions created in earlier microprocessors were retained throughout microprocessor upgrades. This enabled consumers to purchase new computers without having to purchase new [[application software]].  The major categories of instructions are:{{efn|For more information, visit [[X86 assembly language#Instruction types]].}}
* Memory instructions to set and access numbers and [[String (computer science)|strings]] in [[random-access memory]].
* Integer [[arithmetic logic unit]] (ALU) instructions to perform the primary arithmetic operations on [[integers]].
* Floating point ALU instructions to perform the primary arithmetic operations on [[real number]]s.
* [[Call stack]] instructions to push and pop [[Word (computer architecture)|words]] needed to allocate memory and interface with [[Function (computer programming)|functions]].
* [[Single instruction, multiple data]] (SIMD) instructions{{efn|introduced in 1999}} to increase speed when multiple processors are available to perform the same [[algorithm]] on an [[Array data structure|array of data]].