Editing Crowd simulation (section)

=== Sociology ===
''Crowd simulation'' can also refer to simulations based on [[group dynamics]], [[crowd psychology]], and even social [[etiquette]].<ref name="Huang">{{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Wenjia |last2=Terzopoulos |first2=Demetri |title=Door and Doorway Etiquette for Virtual Humans |journal=IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics |date=March 2020 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=1502–1517 |doi=10.1109/TVCG.2018.2874050 |pmid=30295624 }}</ref> In this case, the focus is on the behavior of the crowd, not necessarily on the visual realism of the simulation. Crowds have been studied as a scientific interest since the end of the 19th century. A lot of research has focused on the collective social behavior of people at social gatherings, assemblies, protests, rebellions, concerts, sporting events and religious ceremonies. Gaining insight into natural human behavior under varying types of stressful situations will allow better models to be created which can be used to develop crowd controlling strategies, often in public safety planning.

''Emergency response teams'' such as policemen, the National Guard, military and even volunteers must undergo some type of crowd control training. Using researched principles of human behavior in crowds can give disaster training designers more elements to incorporate to create realistic simulated disasters. Crowd behavior can be observed during both panic and non-panic conditions. Military programs are looking more towards simulated training involving emergency responses due to their cost-effective technology, as well as how effective the learning can be transferred to the real world.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}} Many events that may start out controlled can have a twisting event that turns them into catastrophic situations, where decisions need to be made on the spot. It is these situations in which crowd dynamical understanding could play a vital role in reducing the potential for chaos.

''Modeling'' techniques of crowds vary from holistic or network approaches to understanding individualistic or behavioral aspects of each agent. For example, the Social Force Model describes a need for individuals to find a balance between social interaction and physical interaction. An approach that incorporates both aspects, and is able to adapt depending on the situation, would better describe natural human behavior, always incorporating some measure of unpredictability. With the use of multi-agent models understanding these complex behaviors has become a much more comprehensible task. With the use of this type of software, systems can now be tested under extreme conditions, and simulate conditions over long periods of time in the matter of seconds.

In some situations, the behavior of swarms of non-human animals can be used as an experimental model of crowd behavior. The panic behavior of ants when exposed to a [[Insect repellent|repellent]] chemical in a confined space with limited exit routes has been found to have both similarities and differences to equivalent human behavior.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shiwakoti |first1=Nirajan |last2=Sarvi |first2=Majid |last3=Rose |first3=Geoff |last4=Burd |first4=Martin |title=Animal dynamics based approach for modeling pedestrian crowd egress under panic conditions |journal=Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences |date=2011 |volume=17 |pages=438–461 |doi=10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.526 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Shujie |last2=Lv |first2=Wei |last3=Song |first3=Weiguo |title=Behavior of Ants Escaping from a Single-Exit Room |journal=PLOS ONE |date=30 June 2015 |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=e0131784 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0131784 |doi-access=free |pmid=26125191 |pmc=4488427 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1031784W }}</ref>