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Cyclodextrin
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==Research== [[File:Synthesis of US active cyclodextrin nanoparticles.gif|thumb|Synthesis of acoustically active nanoparticles for 'Nanoparticle Mediated Histotripsy'.]]In [[supramolecular chemistry]], cyclodextrins are precursors to [[mechanically interlocked molecular architecture]]s, such as [[rotaxane]]s and [[catenane]]s. Illustrative, Ξ±-cyclodextrin form second-sphere coordination complex with tetrabromoaurate anion ([AuBr4]-).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu Z, Frasconi M, Lei J, Brown ZJ, Zhu Z, Cao D, Iehl J, Liu G, Fahrenbach AC, Botros YY, Farha OK, Hupp JT, Mirkin CA, Fraser Stoddart J | title = Selective isolation of gold facilitated by second-sphere coordination with Ξ±-cyclodextrin | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 4 | pages = 1855 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23673640 | pmc = 3674257 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms2891 | bibcode = 2013NatCo...4.1855L }}</ref> Ξ²-Cyclodextrin complexes with certain [[carotenoid]] food colorants have been shown to intensify color, increase water solubility and improve light stability.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Marcolino VA, Zanin GM, Durrant LR, Benassi M, Matioli G | title = Interaction of curcumin and bixin with Ξ²-cyclodextrin: complexation methods, stability, and applications in food | journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | volume = 59 | issue = 7 | pages = 3348β3357 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21381747 | doi = 10.1021/jf104223k }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Oliveira VE, Almeida EW, Castro HV, Edwards HG, Dos Santos HF, de Oliveira LF | title = Carotenoids and Ξ²-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: Raman spectroscopy and theoretical investigation | journal = The Journal of Physical Chemistry A | volume = 115 | issue = 30 | pages = 8511β8519 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 21728366 | doi = 10.1021/jp2028142 | bibcode = 2011JPCA..115.8511D }}</ref> Complexes formed between Ξ²-cyclodextrin and [[adamantane]] derivatives have been used to make self-healing materials, such as [[hydrogel]]s<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harada A, Takashima Y, Nakahata M | title = Supramolecular polymeric materials via cyclodextrin-guest interactions | journal = Accounts of Chemical Research | volume = 47 | issue = 7 | pages = 2128β2140 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24911321 | doi = 10.1021/ar500109h }}</ref> and low-friction surfaces.<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Wang Y, Sun Y, Avestro AJ, McGonigal PR, Zhang H |date=November 2021|title=Supramolecular repair of hydration lubrication surfaces|journal=Chem|volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=480β493|doi=10.1016/j.chempr.2021.11.001|doi-access=free}}</ref> Using the host-guest interaction between Ξ²-Cyclodextrin and [[Perfluorohexane]], acoustically active [[nanoparticle]]s were created.<ref name="pmid31071701">{{cite journal | vauthors = Khirallah J, Schmieley R, Demirel E, Rehman TU, Howell J, Durmaz YY, Vlaisavljevich E | title = Nanoparticle-mediated histotripsy (NMH) using perfluorohexane 'nanocones' | journal = Physics in Medicine and Biology | volume = 64 | issue = 12 | pages = 125018 | date = June 2019 | pmid = 31071701 | doi = 10.1088/1361-6560/ab207e | bibcode = 2019PMB....64l5018K }}</ref> These nanoparticles were combined with [[Focused ultrasound|histotripsy]], leading to the development of Nanoparticle-Mediated Histotripsy (NMH). NMH addresses limitations of traditional [[Focused ultrasound|histotripsy]], such as non-selectivity and the requirement for high pressure.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rehman TU, Khirallah J, Demirel E, Howell J, Vlaisavljevich E, Yuksel Durmaz Y | title = Development of Acoustically Active Nanocones Using the Host-Guest Interaction as a New Histotripsy Agent | journal = ACS Omega | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 4176β4184 | date = February 2019 | pmid = 31459627 | pmc = 6649115 | doi = 10.1021/acsomega.8b02922 }}</ref> This promising new method has potential applications in cell [[ablation]] for various purposes, including [[cancer treatment]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Toydemir C, Hall S, Demirel E, Elmaci DN, Gol D, Vlaisavljevich E, Yuksel Durmaz Y | title = Bioconjugated Ξ²-Cyclodextrin-Perfluorohexane Nanocone Clusters as Functional Nanoparticles for Nanoparticle-Mediated Histotripsy | journal = Biomacromolecules | volume = 23 | issue = 12 | pages = 5297β5311 | date = December 2022 | pmid = 36418020 | doi = 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01110 }}</ref>
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