Editing Cyclonic separation (section)

=== Alternative models ===
The above equations are limited in many regards. For example, the geometry of the separator is not considered, the particles are assumed to achieve a steady state and the effect of the vortex inversion at the base of the cyclone is also ignored, all behaviours which are unlikely to be achieved in a cyclone at real operating conditions.

More complete models exist, as many authors have studied the behaviour of cyclone separators.<ref>{{cite thesis|title=PhD thesis: Experimental and Analytical Study of the Vortex in the Cyclone Separator|author=Smith, J. L. Jr.| url=http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/11792|year=1959|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |hdl=1721.1/11792|type=Thesis }}</ref> Simplified models allowing a quick calculation of the cyclone, with some limitations, have been developed for common applications in process industries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://powderprocess.net/Equipments%20html/Cyclone_Design.html|title=Cyclone design - Step by step guide - Powderprocess.net|accessdate=26 March 2023}}</ref> Numerical modelling using [[computational fluid dynamics]] has also been used extensively in the study of cyclonic behaviour.<ref>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1590/S0104-66322007000100008|last1= Martignoni|first1= W. P.|last2= Bernardo|first2= S.|last3= Quintani|first3= C. L.|title= Evaluation of cyclone geometry and its influence on performance parameters by computational fluid dynamics (CFD)|journal=Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering|volume= 24|pages= 83–94|year= 2007|doi-access= free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2007/0013/data/diss.pdf | title=PhD Thesis: On the Potential of Large Eddy Simulation to Simulate Cyclone Separators | access-date=2009-06-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709215452/http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2007/0013/data/diss.pdf | archive-date=2007-07-09 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=http://www.wtb.tue.nl/woc/ptc/lit/kroes2012.pdf | title=PhD Thesis: Droplet collection in a scaled-up rotating separator }}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>  A major limitation of any fluid mechanics model for cyclone separators is the inability to predict the [[Particle aggregation|agglomeration]] of fine particles with larger particles, which has a great impact on cyclone collection efficiency.<ref>D. Benoni, C.L. Briens, T. Baron, E. Duchesne and T.M. Knowlton, 1994, "A procedure to determine particle agglomeration in a fluidized bed and its effect on entrainment", Powder Technology, 78, 33-42.</ref>