Editing Data integrity (section)

== File systems ==
Various research results show that neither widespread [[filesystem]]s (including [[Unix File System|UFS]], [[Extended file system|Ext]], [[XFS]], [[JFS (file system)|JFS]] and [[NTFS]]) nor [[RAID#Weaknesses|hardware RAID]] solutions provide sufficient protection against data integrity problems.<ref>
{{cite web |title=IRON FILE SYSTEMS |url=http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~vijayan/vijayan-thesis.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~vijayan/vijayan-thesis.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|work=Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Sciences |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison |access-date=9 June 2012 |author=Vijayan Prabhakaran |year=2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Parity Lost and Parity Regained |url=http://www.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/parity-fast08.html}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web |title=An Analysis of Data Corruption in the Storage Stack |url=http://www.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/corruption-fast08.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/corruption-fast08.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web |title=Impact of Disk Corruption on Open-Source DBMS |url=http://www.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/corrupt-mysql-icde10.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/corrupt-mysql-icde10.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.baarf.com/  |title=Baarf.com |publisher=Baarf.com |access-date=4 November 2011}}</ref>

Some filesystems (including [[Btrfs]] and [[ZFS]]) provide internal data and [[metadata]] checksumming that is used for detecting [[silent data corruption]] and improving data integrity.  If a corruption is detected that way and internal RAID mechanisms provided by those filesystems are also used, such filesystems can additionally reconstruct corrupted data in a transparent way.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/servers-storage-admin/advanced-btrfs-1734952.html | title = How I Use the Advanced Capabilities of Btrfs | date = August 2012 | access-date = 2014-01-02 | first1 = Margaret | last1 = Bierman | first2 = Lenz | last2 = Grimmer}}</ref>  This approach allows improved data integrity protection covering the entire data paths, which is usually known as [[end-to-end data protection]].<ref name= "Zhang2010">{{cite q | Q111972797 | access-date = 2014-01-02}}</ref>