Editing Defamiliarization (section)

=== The Estrangement effect ===

Defamiliarization has been associated with the poet and playwright [[Bertolt Brecht]], whose [[Verfremdungseffekt]] ("estrangement effect") was a potent element of his approach to theatre. In fact, as Willett points out, Verfremdungseffekt is "a translation of the Russian critic Viktor Shklovskij's phrase 'Priem Ostranenija', or 'device for making strange'".<ref>{{cite book|last=Willett|first=John|title=Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an Aesthetic|location=New York|publisher=Hill and Wang|date=1964}}</ref> Brecht, in turn, has been highly influential for artists and film-makers including [[Jean-Luc Godard]] and [[Yvonne Rainer]].

[[Science fiction]] critic [[Simon Spiegel]], who defines defamiliarization as "the formal-rhetorical act of making the familiar strange (in Shklovsky's sense)," distinguished it from Brecht's estrangement effect. To Spiegel, estrangement is the effect on the reader which can be caused by defamiliarization or through deliberate [[Recontextualisation|recontextualization]] of the familiar.<ref name="spiegel">{{cite journal|url=https://archive.org/details/readable-id-goes-here-sf|title=Things Made Strange: On the Concept of "Estrangement" in Science Fiction Theory|last=Spiegel|first=Simon|journal=Science Fiction Studies|volume=35|number=3|pages=369–385|date=Nov 2008 |jstor=25475174 |doi-access=free |doi=10.5167/uzh-8369}}</ref>