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Department store
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===Innovation (1917β1945)=== In the middle of the 1920s, American management theories such as the [[scientific management]] of [[Frederick Winslow Taylor|F.W. Taylor]] started spreading in Europe. The [[International Management Institute, Geneva|International Management Institute]] (I.M.I.) was established in Geneva in 1927 to facilitate the diffusion of such ideas. A number of department stores teamed up together to create the [[International Association of Department Stores]] in Paris in 1928 to have a discussion space dedicated to this retail format.{{expand section|date=October 2020}} {|table class=wikitable |+Table of department store "firsts" ! Year ! Store ! City/<br/>Metro area ! "First" ! Source |- | 1923 | [[I. Magnin]] [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] | [[Greater Los Angeles|Los Angeles]] | First suburban department store (not including hotel/resort stores) | <ref>{{cite book |last1=Longstreth |first1=Richard |title=Branch Stores 1910-1960 |date=1 December 2009 |url=http://www.departmentstorehistory.net/attachments/BranchStoreWeb.doc |access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> |- | 1930 | [[Suburban Square]] | [[Philadelphia metropolitan area|Philadelphia]] | First department store branch to anchor a suburban shopping center | <ref name="inq"/> |}
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