Editing Divination (section)

===Japan===
Although Japan retains a history of traditional and local [[methods of divination]], such as ''[[onmyōdō]]'', contemporary divination in Japan, called ''uranai'', derives from outside sources.{{sfnp|Miller|2014}} Contemporary methods of divination in Japan include both Western and Chinese [[astrology]], [[geomancy]] or [[feng shui]], [[Tarot|tarot cards]], [[I Ching]] (Book of Changes) [[I Ching divination|divination]], and [[physiognomy]] (methods of reading the body to identify traits).{{sfnp|Miller|2014}}

In [[Japan]], divination methods include [[Futomani]] from the [[Shinto]] tradition.{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}

====Personality types====
Personality typing as a form of divination has been prevalent in Japan since the 1980s. Various methods exist for divining personality type. Each attempt to reveal glimpses of an individual's destiny, productive and inhibiting traits, future parenting techniques, and compatibility in marriage. Personality type is increasingly important for young Japanese, who consider personality the driving factor of compatibility, given the ongoing marriage drought and [[Birthrate decline|birth rate decline]] in Japan.{{sfnp|Miller|1997}}

An import to Japan, [[Chinese zodiac]] signs based on the birth year in 12 year cycles (rat, ox, tiger, hare, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, cock, dog, and boar) are frequently combined with other forms of divination, such as so-called 'celestial types' based on the planets (Saturn, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Mercury, or Uranus). Personality can also be divined using cardinal directions, the [[Classical element|four elements]] (water, earth, fire, air), and [[Yin and yang|yin-yang]]. Names can also lend important personality information under name classification which asserts that names bearing certain Japanese vowel sounds (a, i, u, e, o) share common characteristics. [[Numerology]], which utilizes methods of divining 'birth numbers' from significant numbers such as birth date, may also reveal character traits of individuals.{{sfnp|Miller|1997}}

Individuals can also assess their own and others' personalities according to physical characteristics. [[Blood type]] remains a popular form of divination from physiology. Stemming from Western influences, body reading or ''ninsou'', determines personality traits based on body measurements. The face is the most commonly analyzed feature, with eye size, pupil shape, mouth shape, and eyebrow shape representing the most important traits. An upturned mouth may be cheerful, and a triangle eyebrow may indicate that someone is strong-willed.{{sfnp|Miller|1997}}

Methods of assessment in daily life may include self-taken measurements or quizzes. As such, magazines targeted at women in their early-to-mid twenties feature the highest concentration of personality assessment guides. There are approximately 144 different women's magazines, known as ''nihon zashi koukoku kyoukai'', published in Japan aimed at this audience.{{sfnp|Miller|1997}}

====Japanese tarot====
The adaptation of the Western divination method of tarot cards into Japanese culture presents a particularly unique example of contemporary divination as this adaptation mingles with Japan's robust visual culture. Japanese tarot cards are created by professional artists, advertisers, and fans of tarot. One tarot card collector claimed to have accumulated more than 1,500 Japan-made decks of tarot cards.

Japanese tarot cards fall into diverse categories such as:

* Inspiration Tarot ({{Transliteration|ja|reikan tarotto}});
* I-Ching Tarot ({{Transliteration|ja|ekisen tarotto}});
* Spiritual Tarot ({{Transliteration|ja|supirichuaru tarotto}});
* Western Tarot ({{Transliteration|ja|seiyō tarotto}}); and
* Eastern Tarot ({{Transliteration|ja|tōyō tarotto}}).

The images on tarot cards may come from images from Japanese popular culture, such as characters from [[manga]] and [[anime]] including [[Hello Kitty]], or may feature cultural symbols. Tarot cards may adapt the images of Japanese historical figures, such as high priestess [[Himiko]] (170–248CE) or imperial court wizard [[Abe no Seimei]] (921–1005CE). Still others may feature images of cultural displacement, such as English knights, [[pentagram]]s, the Jewish [[Torah]], or invented [[glyph]]s. The introduction of such cards began by the 1930s and reached prominence 1970s. Japanese tarot cards were originally created by men, often based on the [[Rider–Waite Tarot|Rider-Waite-Smith tarot]] published by the Rider Company in London in 1909.{{sfnp|Miller|2017}} Since, the practice of Japanese tarot has become overwhelmingly feminine and intertwined with [[kawaii]] culture. Referring to the cuteness of tarot cards, Japanese model Kuromiya Niina was quoted as saying "because the images are cute, even holding them is enjoyable."{{sfnp|Miller|2011}} While these differences exist, Japanese tarot cards function similarly to their Western counterparts. Cards are shuffled and cut into piles then used to forecast the future, for spiritual reflection, or as a tool for self-understanding.{{sfnp|Miller|2017}}